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he objective of the project was to transform this large mono-functional housing estate into a sustainable, functionally diverse and socially blended urban district with innovative and sustainably organized technical infrastructure systems. The project brought together urban designers, landscape architects and architects as well as specialists in urban water management and energy. While the urban designers focused on differentiation and diversity, on the integration of workplaces and communicative uses, on problems of cautious densification and on a redefinition of public spaces, the architects were concerned with reconstruction measures and potential new uses, well-defined intervention in the existing stock of concrete-slab prefabricated housing, transformation of environment, integration of new housing types in existing construction as well as new construction. The landscape architecture is creating functional open spaces differing in their character and atmosphere, while urban water management and energy specialists, on the other hand, sought to develop concepts of responsible use of resources. The chapter on energy technology presents decentralized solar hot water heating systems, heat recovery from wastewater, radiant heating and controlled ventilation, and shows that CO2-free heating is possible in large housing estates. As for urban water management, its aims are water conservation, water, nutrient and energy recycling and preservation of local water resources. The project presents solutions for dealing with rainwater, grey and black water, for instance an area-integrated black water system, which is able to recycle energy and nutrients. The particular quality of this project consists in the synthesis of the research results of all involved disciplines. The authors build up an example setting for the transformation of a monofunctional dormitory town district into sustainable mixed district. Ziel des Projektes ist die Entwicklung der monofunktionalen Großwohnsiedlung hin zu einem zukunftsfähigen, funktional und sozial gemischten Stadtteil mit innovativen, nachhaltig organisierten Systemen der technischen Infrastruktur. Beteiligte Disziplinen sind: Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Architektur sowie Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Energie. Während es im Städtebau um Differenzierung und Vielfalt, Integration von kommunikativen Nutzungen und Arbeitsplätzen, um Fragen einer behutsamen Verdichtung sowie der Neudefinition öffentlicher Räume geht, befasst sich die Fachsparte Architektur mit Möglichkeiten von Umnutzung und Umbau, gezielter Eingriffe in das Plattenbausystem, der Umgestaltung ihres Umfeldes, der Integration neuer Wohnformen im Bestand wie durch Neubauten. Die Landschaftsarchitektur übernimmt die Entwicklung leistungsfähiger Freiräume unterschiedlicher Charaktere und Atmosphären, während die Disziplinen Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Energie Konzepte eines verantwortungsvollen Umgangs mit den Ressourcen einbringen. Das Kapitel Energietechnik stellt dezentrale Systeme zur solaren Heizwärmeversorgung, Abwasserwärmerückgewinnung, Flächenheizung und kontrollierter Wohnraumlüftung vor und zeigt, dass die CO2-freie Wärmeversorgung von Großsiedlungen möglich ist. Die Ziele der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft: Wassersparen, Wasser-, Nährstoff- und Energierecycling sowie Erhaltung des lokalen Wasserhaushaltes. Es werden Lösungen für den Umgang mit Regen-, Grau- und Schwarzwasser vorgestellt, u.a. ein gebietsintegriertes Schwarzwasserkonzept, dass Nährstoffe und Energie zurückgewinnen kann. Das Projekt versteht sich als städtebaulicher Entwurf, der seine besondere Qualität durch die Synthese der Ergebnisse der beteiligten Fachdisziplinen gewinnt. Die Autoren entwickeln einen Entwurf mit Modellcharakter für die Weiterentwicklung von Stadtrandsiedlungen des industrialisierten Wohnungsbaus.
Everyone deserves a decent and affordable home, a truth (almost) universally acknowledged. But housing in the UK has been in a state of crisis for decades, with too few homes built, too often of dubious quality, and costing too much to buy, rent or inhabit. It doesn’t have to be like this. Bringing together a wealth of experience from a wide range of housing experts, this completely revised edition of The Housing Design Handbook provides an authoritative, comprehensive and systematic guide to best practice in what is perhaps the most contentious and complex field of architectural design. This book sets out design principles for all the essential components of successful housing design – including placemaking, typologies and density, internal and external space, privacy, security, tenure, and community engagement – illustrated with case studies of schemes by architecture practices working across the UK and continental Europe. Written by David Levitt and Jo McCafferty – two recognised authorities in the field – and with contributions from more than twenty other leading practitioners, The Housing Design Handbook is an essential reference for professionals and students in architecture and design as well as for government bodies, housing associations and other agencies involved in housing.
Judith Butler’s new book shows how an ethic of nonviolence must be connected to a broader political struggle for social equality. Further, it argues that nonviolence is often misunderstood as a passive practice that emanates from a calm region of the soul, or as an individualist ethical relation to existing forms of power. But, in fact, nonviolence is an ethical position found in the midst of the political field. An aggressive form of nonviolence accepts that hostility is part of our psychic constitution, but values ambivalence as a way of checking the conversion of aggression into violence. One contemporary challenge to a politics of nonviolence points out that there is a difference of opinion on what counts as violence and nonviolence. The distinction between them can be mobilised in the service of ratifying the state’s monopoly on violence. Considering nonviolence as an ethical problem within a political philosophy requires a critique of individualism as well as an understanding of the psychosocial dimensions of violence. Butler draws upon Foucault, Fanon, Freud, and Benjamin to consider how the interdiction against violence fails to include lives regarded as ungrievable. By considering how ‘racial phantasms’ inform justifications of state and administrative violence, Butler tracks how violence is often attributed to those who are most severely exposed to its lethal effects. The struggle for nonviolence is found in movements for social transformation that reframe the grievability of lives in light of social equality and whose ethical claims follow from an insight into the interdependency of life as the basis of social and political equality.
Urban codes have a profound influence on urban form, affecting the design and placement of buildings, streets and public spaces. Historically, their use has helped create some of our best-loved urban environments, while recent advances in coding have been a growing focus of attention, particularly in Britain and North America. However, the full potential for the role of codes has yet to be realized. In Urban Coding and Planning, Stephen Marshall and his contributors investigate the nature and scope of coding; its purposes; the kinds of environments it creates; and, perhaps most importantly, its relationship to urban planning. By bringing together historical and ongoing traditions of coding from around the world – with chapters describing examples from the United Kingdom, France, India, China, Japan, Australia, South Africa, the United States and Latin America – this book provides lessons for today’s theory and practice of place-making.