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Presents a broad-ranging examination of the growing economic, political, and humanitarian struggle in Zaire, along with suggestions for preventative action to ameliorate Zaire's problems. Topics include: understanding the unending crisis in Zaire, the structure of society, economic structures and prospects, political structures and prospects, urgent issues, a framework for action to arrest further violence, and how best to provide international economic aid in Zaire. Includes a discussion on Rwandan refugees in Zaire and a chronology of the situation in Zaire from 1960-1996. Charts and tables.
For more than five years, the people of Zaire have struggled to survive in a state on the brink of utter collapse. Amid growing economic disarray and infrastructural breakdown, standards of living have plummeted, moral and ethical standards have withered, and violence has risen. Political authority is almost hopelessly fragmented and discredited. The massive inflow and outflow of Hutu refugees from Rwanda has exacerbated Zaire's multifaceted predicament, a predicament that, for political and economic as well as humanitarian reasons, the international community cannot ignore. But what practical steps can and should be taken by the international community, and which actors (individual governments, multilateral organizations, or NGOs) should take them? In the search for answers to these questions, and for an accurate portrait of the extent and nature of Zaire's malaise, Minority Rights Group (USA), supported by the United States Institute of Peace and the Carnegie Corporation, initiated a project in 1995 that brought together academics, government officials, and NGO experts to consider the case of Zaire and the prospects for effective preventive diplomacy there. This two-part report presents the results of this project: part I offers a broad-ranging examination of Zaire's predicament; part II presents three suggestions for preventive action to ameliorate Zaire's problems.
A unique and comprehensive introduction to contemporary development issues in East and Southern Africa, and represents a significant departure from the often descriptive approach adopted by existing regional and development texts on African regions. Each contribution is carefully chosen to highlight the theoretical basis to development issues, and the practical problems of implementing development plans, in this vital subregion. Overall this produces comprehensive and balanced coverage of historical, economic, political and social issues. The twin issues of globalisation and modernisation give the book a clear focus.
The end of the cold war did not begin an era of world peace. The forces of marginalization, civil war, and genocide have uprooted whole societies in Africa, the Balkans and the Caucasus. In fact, the end of superpower competition means that the world now lacks external actors powerful enough to intervene successfully in local conflicts. The early 1990s saw the beginning of a search for possibilities for conflict prevention. This work is one of the first to set the analysis of early warning and conflict prevention firmly in the context of the changes and continuities in the structures of post-Cold War politics. Early Warning and Conflict Prevention proceeds from the position that sufficient early warning could enable governments and international organizations to intervene at an early stage, rather than waiting until disputes erupt into violence. It analyses the theoretical and practical complexities of timely warning and effective response in conflict resolution. It also investigates the extent to which conflict prevention has become a concrete element in the policies of governments, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations. The result of an international symposium on early warning and conflict prevention in November 1996, this work examines this significant issue in international relations within the unique political framework of post-Cold War developments, making it an important resource for academics, policymakers, government officials, and others interested in the present and future state of conflict resolution.
Since World War II, a complex network has emerged of bilateral and multilateral agencies that manage economic assistance to low-income countries in the form of investment projects, policy advice, and technical assistance. Although each of these agencies has its distinctive personality, most of them have avoided facing up to the post-Cold War reality of burgeoning ethnic conflict. This reluctance to deal with the violent consequences of ethnic pluralism is often self-defeating, for such violence can destabilize the environment within which the agencies operate and thus undermine their efforts. The same reluctance can also blind agencies to the damage that the ill-considered provision of foreign aid can inflict on ethnic relations within aid-receiving nations. Some interventions may have neutral or even positive sum outcomes. This paper represents the author's conclusions from a conference held in October 1995 at Cornell University on the effects of development assistance on ethnic conflict.