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Situated halfway between the Broad and Catawba Rivers in upstate South Carolina, the area of present-day York was inhabited by Native Americans for several thousand years before immigrants from the British Isles arrived in the late 1740s. When the American Revolution began, Yorks early settlers almost overwhelmingly supported independence, and two important Patriot victoriesthe Battles of Williamsons Plantation (Hucks Defeat) and Kings Mountainwere fought nearby in 1780. York County was established in 1785, and the town of Yorkville became the county seat. Agriculture made up much of the towns economy in the 19th century, and the Kings Mountain Railroad sparked economic growth after 1852. The Kings Mountain Military School opened in 1855 and made Yorkville an educational center for the upcountry. Yorkvilles cotton planters and slave owners supported the Confederacy during the Civil War, and the town was occupied by Federal troops during Reconstruction. Yorkville became York in the early 20th century, and textile manufacturing became its dominant industry. With the decline of the textile industry after 1980, the city has become a center for business, tourism, and high-tech manufacturing.
The Reconstruction was meant to be a time of rebuilding and healing for the South following the Civil War. But the Reconstruction, marked by the continued strong hatred and hostility between liberated African Americans and angry Ku Klux Klan members, was hardly a time of reconciliation for the South. This work deals with the Reconstruction-era Ku Klux Klan, a paramilitary group with political aims that used violence and intimidation to achieve its goals. It addresses exclusively the Klans activities in York County, South Carolina, during the years 1865-1877. It clarifies some misconceptions about the Reconstruction Klan and disentangles it from later organizations that used the same name. There are no reports of its burning crosses or persecuting Jews and Catholics and it has no connection to the Klan that appeared in the early part of the twentieth century or todays counterpart that marches under the Confederate flag. Throughout the Reconstruction, blacks and whites tried to out-shout each other in the new era of conversation, and, as shown in this work, made little progress in understanding, or trying to understand, each other.