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Writing is a challenging task for many children. To address this issue, many educational researchers advocate for schools to implement a multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) model where struggling writers can be detected as early as kindergarten and provided with intervention programming to improve their skills and hopefully not need long-term placement in special education. Traditionally, schools have employed the wait-to-fail model where children were offered the opportunity to learn to read, write, and do math in the first few years of elementary school; if they still struggled at the end of third grade (age eight), then they would be assessed for special education. The problem with this was not only a delayed assessment timeline, but also the standardized tests not having an adequate set of questions to assess early-elementary grade skills, as well as the ethical problems and racial/ethnic biases of test questions. MTSS provides educators with a renewed emphasis on early intervention and progress-monitoring assessment once or twice a week to monitor each student’s skills and make instructional changes to promote success. This book offers a description and case examples of how schools and teachers can apply MTSS concepts for writing.
Writing is a challenging task for many children. To address this issue, many educational researchers advocate for schools to implement a multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) model where struggling writers can be detected as early as kindergarten and provided with intervention programming to improve their skills and hopefully not need long-term placement in special education. Traditionally, schools have employed the wait-to-fail model where children were offered the opportunity to learn to read, write, and do math in the first few years of elementary school; if they still struggled at the end of third grade (age eight), then they would be assessed for special education. The problem with this was not only a delayed assessment timeline, but also the standardized tests not having an adequate set of questions to assess early-elementary grade skills, as well as the ethical problems and racial/ethnic biases of test questions. MTSS provides educators with a renewed emphasis on early intervention and progress-monitoring assessment once or twice a week to monitor each studentâ (TM)s skills and make instructional changes to promote success. This book offers a description and case examples of how schools and teachers can apply MTSS concepts for writing.
This book takes a fresh look at the challenge of setting up educational writing intervention studies in authentic class contexts. In four sections, the book offers innovative approaches on how to conceptualize, design, implement, and evaluate writing interventions for research purposes. Hot topics in the field such as professional development for scaling up writing interventions, building research practice partnerships, implementation variation and fidelity, and response to intervention are addressed. To illustrate the proposed approaches for writing promotion, the book showcases a wide variety of writing interventions from around the world, ranging from single-participant designs to large-scale intervention studies in writing.
Of the many issues facing special education (and general education) today, it is difficult to imagine one more important or timely than response to intervention (RTI). Almost overnight RTI has become standard practice across the nation. Unfortunately, RTI remains ill-defined, falls far short of its evidence-based practice goal, is almost invariably misused, and often results in more harm than good. Nevertheless, as a conceptual framework RTI has great potential for ensuring that students with disabilities receive appropriate, evidence-based instruction. The mission of this handbook is to present a comprehensive and integrated discussion of response to intervention (RTI) and its relation to multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) in both special education and general education. Although the two terms are currently used interchangeably, distinct differences exist between them. Therefore, chapters are dedicated to distinguishing the two concepts—RTI and MTSS—and describing each one’s unique role in both general and special education. In addition, the authors recommend a third term, Multi-Tiered Instruction, to differentiate the practices related to the purpose of the specific intervention.
Effective teaching starts with quality instruction that most students respond well to. However, about 35% of students will require specialized and more intensive instruction to meet academic and behavioral standards. Both students with exceptionalities who are eligible to receive special education and related services and students who are placed at risk due to circumstance require, deserve, and are legally entitled to quality intervention. Quality Instruction and Intervention for ElementaryEducators offers an accessible resource for educators interested in evidence-based strategies to ensure all students have access to an excellent education. Two dedicated chapters, authored by leading content and strategy experts in the field, are devoted to content areas. The first chapter focuses on quality instruction with academic subject matter specialists as lead authors with interventionists supporting. The second chapter focuses on effective intervention with the interventionists taking the lead author roles and academic subject matter specialists supporting. Between the two chapters is a dialogue between the teams of authors bridging instruction and intervention. This unique approach bridges the gap between quality instruction and effective intervention, an often-overlooked component of teacher education. The book also includes dedicated chapters on the integration of instructional technology and executive functioning. After reading the book, educators will be able to describe the components of effective instruction and intervention in each of the content areas, access empirically validated materials, and locate resources for continued learning.
In Writing Development in Struggling Learners, international researchers provide insights into the development of writing skills from early writing and spelling development through to composition, the reasons individuals struggle to acquire proficient writing skills and how to help these learners.
Writing is a complex task--and today's students must learn to write proficiently and write to learn in different content areas. The Writing Rope: A Framework for Explicit Writing Instruction in All Subjects clearly explains the intertwined skills and processes involved in writing well: transcription, writing craft, critical thinking, syntax, and text structure. Steeped in writing research and packed with reproducible handouts and templates, this book provides the knowledge and resources educators need to help students master writing.
An essential "how-to" primer, this book examines the process of learning to write and shares evidence-based instructional strategies for the primary grades. With an emphasis on explicit instruction and scaffolding students' learning, the authors explain when and how to teach handwriting, spelling, foundational skills such as sentence formation and editing, and composition in specific genres. They present clear-cut techniques for assessment, differentiation, and supporting struggling writers. The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for Writing are used as a framework for setting instructional goals. Reproducible assessment forms, checklists, and rubrics are provided; purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size.
To better identify and assist struggling students and avoid unnecessary placement into special education services, the service delivery model response to intervention (RTI) is used with the general education population. Even though RTI has been studied in elementary schools for many years, further research on its use at the secondary academic level is scarce. Advanced Strategies and Models for Integrating RTI in Secondary Schools provides emerging research exploring the advanced theoretical and practical aspects of the use of RTI to assist teachers in providing research-based instructional strategies to students who are failing their academic subjects. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as behavioral response, progress monitoring, and career readiness, this book is ideally designed for educators, researchers, and academic professionals seeking current research on the most effective models in place to promote positive student academic achievement.