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Whereas on the Continent, the Missing Research and Enquiry Unit left no stone unturned to try to trace the thousands of airmen who still remained missing, strangely enough no similar operation was carried out by the RAF on crash sites in the United Kingdom. Many of these still contained the mortal remains of pilots whose names had been added to the Memorial to the Missing unveiled at Runnymede in 1953. It is difficult to understand today how it took so long for the realization to sink in that aircraft wreckage still remained buried. When it did, there followed what can only be described as an unholy scramble to find crash sites and dig them up, heavy plant being employed to make it easier and quicker. At the height of this unfettered exploration period during the 1970s, there were over 30 ‘aviation archaeology’ groups at work, particularly in the counties of Essex, Kent and Sussex. Unrecovered human remains were now being found which understandably raised criticism from some quarters. Inevitably order had to be restored and the Ministry of Defence stepped in with a ‘code of conduct’ for digging up crashed aircraft, a measure that was reinforced by an Act of Parliament in 1986. Thereafter a process was introduced whereby the Ministry issued licenses before a wreck site could be excavated, and every license application, whether granted or refused, is listed for the first time in this book.
Whereas on the Continent, the Missing Research and Enquiry Unit left no stone unturned to try to trace the thousands of airmen who still remained missing, strangely enough no similar operation was carried out by the RAF on crash sites in the United Kingdom. Many of these still contained the mortal remains of pilots whose names had been added to the Memorial to the Missing unveiled at Runnymede in 1953. It is difficult to understand today how it took so long for the realization to sink in that aircraft wreckage still remained buried. When it did, there followed what can only be described as an unholy scramble to find crash sites and dig them up, heavy plant being employed to make it easier and quicker. At the height of this unfettered exploration period during the 1970s, there were over 30 ‘aviation archaeology’ groups at work, particularly in the counties of Essex, Kent and Sussex. Unrecovered human remains were now being found which understandably raised criticism from some quarters. Inevitably order had to be restored and the Ministry of Defence stepped in with a ‘code of conduct’ for digging up crashed aircraft, a measure that was reinforced by an Act of Parliament in 1986. Thereafter a process was introduced whereby the Ministry issued licenses before a wreck site could be excavated, and every license application, whether granted or refused, is listed for the first time in this book.
History of one of the most ambitious and successful marine salvage operations ever undertaken. The HMS Edinburgh was carrying 5 1/2 tons of gold when she was sunk in 1942.
"This book recounts the most serious railroad accidents worldwide from 1853 to the present time. Relevant specifics of these disasters have been researched and summary narratives written. The central purpose of this volume is to record the horrendous details surrounding railroad calamities and, more importantly, to investigate, analyze, and derive beneficial knowledge about wreck causes and deduce corrective courses of action, setting forth successful principles of accident prevention that might be useful and applicable in rail operations everywhere. The ultimate purpose therefore has been to determine universal railroad safety doctrines, the application of which will lessen the frequency and severity of future rail accidents and thereby reduce death tolls, passenger and employee injuries, and the attendant financial and material losses." "Covered herein in concise form are the accounts of 70 major rail disasters in the United States and 111 train catastrophes in various foreign countries. Included for quick reference are two tabulations showing pertinent particulars for all the railroad disasters treated in this volume. The reader, if he peruses this long list of wreck narratives, will acquire a unique understanding of the widespread incident of rail accidents and, perhaps, arrive at a personal judgment on how to best further the noble cause of accident prevention. Certainly, he will gain an eye-opening view of the dreadful scope of the long-term operational misfortunes that have plagued the mighty "Iron Horse."" "More than one hundred photographs taken at the scenes of the accidents illustrate this volume." "A substantial introduction elucidates the history of railroading in relation to death-dealing mishaps, operating safeguards, railroad personnel, the human factor, the grade crossing dilemma, rail unions and worker discipline, safety research efforts, code of railroad working rules, alcohol and drug problems, the Harriman safety awards, the legendary rail cabooses, and accident prevention guidelines." "The eleven-part appendix includes a historical/statistical review of safety on the United States railroads and reports on the horrendous Louisville & Nashville Railroad hazardous materials spillage at Crestview, Florida, on 8 April 1970. Also summarized are the rail accident prevention philosophies practiced on four foreign railway systems."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
This book covers wreck law as an integrated whole, going beyond the question of "removal" to include issues such as the ownership of wreck and how the law deals with the many commercial law problems arising after ships have been wrecked during the maritime commercial adventure. The book offers authoritative guidance on the genesis and meaning of the Nairobi Wreck Removal Convention 2007, and the interpretation of its often-complex provisions as they apply both to States trying to use its powers and to shipowners and liability insurers faced by its obligations. The authors explain the increasingly complex inter-relationship between linked areas of maritime law, including salvage, intervention and the overlapping international regimes which deal with pollution from oil, bunkers or hazardous and noxious substances. The book examines how a salvage operation transitions to wreck removal and links the liability provisions with the standard form international commercial contracts actually used by the industry to remove wrecks, eg BIMCO’s Wreckstage 2010, Wreckhire 2010 and Wreckfixed 2010. It also covers the complex requirements concerning the disposal of wrecks, including the latest recycling regulations applicable in 2019. The Law of Wreck will be of value to shipping industry professionals, insurers and legal practitioners, as well as academics and students of maritime law.
From aerial survey to zoology, Part I of this two-part encyclopedia covers all aspects of underwater archeology, treasure hunting and salvaging. For example, entries are included for different types of artifacts, notable treasure hunters, the various salvaging equipment, and techniques in mapping and excavating. Part II covers the shipwrecks themselves, dividing them into 13 geographical categories. Beginning with the northernmost category (Canada) and ending with the southernmost (South America), every known shipwreck--both identified and unidentified--receives an entry in alphabetical order under its appropriate geographical category. Entries are by name, such as Andrea Gail, Titanic, and Queen Ann's Revenge. Unidentified is used when a shipwreck's name remains unknown. Entries give the nationality (e.g., Spanish, British, American), type (schooner, frigate, brig are three), function (examples: slave transportation, piracy, fishing), location and history of the shipwreck.