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World tuberculosis day takes place on the 24th of March, commemorating the date Robert Koch announced he had discovered TB bacillus, the bacterium causing tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is still a widespread epidemic in various parts of the world, leading to over one and a half million worldwide annual deaths, which disproportionally affects developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted countries’ focus away from tuberculosis, putting the goals of the End TB project at risk. The World Tuberculosis Day 2023 focuses on boosting awareness, hoping to increase public and political involvement —which will be crucial for the UN High-level meeting on TB in September 2023. Political will is needed to increase financial investment in current TB programs, as well as to improve the research and development of strategies to improve TB prevention (such as the development of a new TB vaccine), TB diagnosis (such as improving the speed and efficiency of current molecular diagnostic tests), and TB treatment (such as finding shorter and more efficient treatments). It is in this spirit that Frontiers is launching a new article collection to coincide with this UN day. This occasion not only offers an opportunity to raise the visibility of tuberculosis but also to consider solutions to this ongoing epidemic.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
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The book titled “Management of Multi-Drug Resistant TB Treatment: Social Work Perspective” focuses on describing the background characteristic of persons affected by Multi Drug-Resistant TB and their psycho-social well-being, socio-economic condition, general health status, psychological distress and self-stigma and how it has to be enhance the coping and resilience among the patients with Social Work intervention methods based on the evidences in the field and it is sub-divided into fifteen chapters based on the broad themes. It offers an extensive research evidences about the Multi-Drug Resistant TB Treatment and wide range of strategies and professional skills and knowledge based on the field expertise for prevention, promotion and curative aspects. The book is forward thinking, anticipating and outlining potentially important directions for the future of social work practitioners in the field of management of Multi-Drug Resistant TB Treatment as well as academicians’ and for research field. Finally, the book sheds light on the collective wisdom that has been accumulated through wide variety of literature, interventional strategies and management of Multi-Drug Resistant TB Treatment will be beneficial those who have been influential in the field of practice.
WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies and targets endorsed by WHO?s Member States, broader development goals set by the United Nations (UN) and targets set in the political declaration at the first UN high-level meeting on TB (held in September 2018). The 2019 edition of the global TB report was released on 17 October 2019. The data in this report are updated annually. Please note that direct comparisons between estimates of TB disease burden in the latest report and previous reports are not appropriate. The most recent time-series of estimates are published in the 2019 global TB report.
The WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease is an updated and consolidated summary of WHO recommendations on systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease, containing 17 recommendations for populations in which TB screening should be conducted and tools to be used for TB screening. TB screening is strongly recommendations for household and close contacts of individuals with TB, people living with HIV, miners exposed to silica dust, and prisoners. In addition, screening is conditionally recommended for people with risk factors for TB attending health care, and for communities with risk factors for TB and limited access to care (e.g. homeless, urban poor, refugees, migrants). General population screening is recommended in high-burden settings (0.5% prevalence or higher). Symptoms, chest radiography (CXR), and molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for TB are recommended as screening tools for all adults eligible for screening. Computer-aided detection programmes are recommended as alternatives to human interpretation of CXR in settings where trained personnel are scarce. For people living with HIV, C-reactive protein is also a good screening tool. This guideline document is accompanied by an operational handbook, the WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease, that presents principles of screening, steps in planning and implementing a screening programme, and algorithm options for screening different populations.
Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment includes a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB. The document includes two new recommendations, one on the composition of shorter regimens and one on the use of the BPaL regimen (i.e. bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). In addition, the consolidated guidelines include existing recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR/RR-TB, including longer regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care. The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, and for other policy-makers and technical organizations working on TB and infectious diseases in public and private sectors and in the community.
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