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Over the last decades, the activity rate of women has strongly increases throughout Europe and has been one of the major changes affecting our societies in general and the workplace in particular. Many reasons explain this increase, such as the recognition of their high level of education, the wish for autonomy and social recognition, the necessity of a double income. But while more women work (in some coutries the activity rates for men and women are identical), they still face problems in the workplace to get the same status as men (the "glass ceiling"), and they are still overwhelmingly responsible for family and domestic duties. In 1991 and 1996 the Foundation carried out statistical surveys on working conditions in all Member States. The Second European Survey on Working Conditions (1996) was designed with gender specific issues in mind. The present document reports on its finding with regard to gender differences in the workplace and discusses them in the light of the ongoing debate on equal opportunities. With this report the Foundation hopes to provide policy makers with a better understanding of the problemes to overcome in order to promote gender sensitive workplaces Editor
Sammenligning af ligelønslovgivningen i 33 europæiske lande
Recoge: 1. Part-time work and women - 2. The report - 3. The surveys - 4. A European perspective - 5. Women's workplaces - 6. Men part-time workers - 7. Part-time strategies - 8. Advantages for employers - 9. From ful-time to part-time hours - 10. From part-time to full-time hours - 11. Working hours - 12. Managers' attitudes - 13. Employee representatives.
Gender equality has been one of the defining projects of European welfarestates. It has proven an elusive goal, not just because of political opposition but also due to a lack of clarity in how to best frame equality and take account of family-related considerations. This wide-ranging book assembles the most pertinent literature and evidence to provide a critical understanding of how contemporary state policies engage with gender inequalities.
Most European countries have experienced labour market reforms at varying times leading to extended working life and a postponement of retirement age. This book provides a gender perspective on the impact of extended working life on the different dimensions of well-being, the factors which can limit extended working life, and the working conditions of older workers. Over the course of 11 chapters the book explores factors that can limit access to paid work or affect working conditions for older workers, including care for dependent individuals, negative stereotypes surrounding aged workers and poor health. It also investigates differences in working conditions for older workers by gender compared to other groups of workers and across European countries including case-studies from Austria, France, Spain, Poland, Croatia, Albania and Turkey. It will be of interest to all scholars and students of social policy, sociology, gender studies and labour studies more broadly.
Despite much legislative progress in gender equality over the past 40 years, there are still gender gaps across many aspects of the labour market. Inequalities are still evident in areas such as access to the labour market, employment patterns and associated working conditions. This report explores gender differences across several dimensions of working conditions, examining relevant country differences, analysing the different occupational groups of both men and women, and comparing the public and private sectors. It also looks at the impact of the crisis on gender segregation in employment. Based on findings from the fifth European working conditions survey (EWCS), conducted in 2010, the analysis offers a striking picture of women and men at work across 34 European countries today.
This broad ranging new text provides a systematic assessment of the emergence of gender as a significant issue on the EU agenda and of the EU's impact on gender inequality, both in terms of specifically gender-related policies and the gender dimensions of other policies.
The book presents state of the art research on women’s current position in European labour markets. It combines analysis of the latest trends in employment, occupational segregation, working time, unpaid work, social provisions (especially care provisions) and the impact of the financial crisis, with overall assessment of the actual impact of the European Employment Strategy and the specific impact of key policies, such as taxation and flexicurity.