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This work focuses on pay schemes which provide, in addition to fixed pay, a variable portion of remuneration linked to some measure of enterprise performance.
Challenges unions and employers to move beyond adversarialism by using the opportunities afforded by a Labour Relations Act that leaves plenty of room for strategic play by both parties. This work focuses on a consideration of enterprise participation, tapping international experience and research. Contributions remind readers of key features of workplace participation; track the development of workplace forums in other countries; add findings from African research; unravel the Labour Relations Act; reflect on German codetermination; study financial participation and consider emerging trends and issues.
The ideas of economic democracy and financial participation are not new. The International Congress on profit-sharing first met in Paris in 1889. However since then, the numerous schemes have met with mixed reactions and various levels of success. In Economic Democracy and Financial Participation, Daryl D'Art has two objectives. Firstly, to examine if, and under what conditions, profit-sharing schemes and employee shareholding can motivate workers and generate cooperative striving. Secondly he identifies the schemes of financial participation which have the potential to realise economic democracy within the individual firm and wider society.
There is discrepancy of the diffusion of Financial Participation schemes in EU member and candidate countries. The incidence of FP is conditional on country specific characteristics, firm specific characteristics and/or trade unions attitude. A supportive government and legal framework and a friendly trade union attitude may lead to increasing level of FP incidence. Companies that use other HRM measures (e.g. training) as well as large companies may be more prone to using FP schemes. Looking at the benefits and drawbacks of the variety of qualitative datasets which contain information on FP, we choose the EWCS dataset for our analyzes because of the high response rates, the high geographic coverage of EU member and candidate countries, the large number of observations, and because the respondents of the questionnaire are employees not the management. Our econometric results suggest that FP schemes used in the EU are discriminatory rather than providing equal opportunity for all employees - discriminatory with respect to gender and selective with respect to employee category, education level, size and sector of activity of the company.
Focuses on the United States. Based on research gathered from secondary sources and a telephone and mail survey.
This book aims to systematically assess laws and practices, close gaps that currently prevent a full profiling of financial participation, provide a description of individual countries against the background of comparable scores for the EU 27 and to promote a common platform for financial participation within the European Union.
Once they accept a job, most Americans have little control over their work environments. In Worker Participation, John Pencavel examines some of those rare workplaces where employees both own and manage the companies they work for: the plywood cooperatives and forest worker cooperatives of the Pacific Northwest. Rather than relying on abstract theories, Pencavel reviews the actual experiences of these two groups of worker co-ops. He focuses on how worker-owned companies perform when compared to more traditional firms and whether companies operate more efficiently when workers determine how they are run. He also looks at the long-term viability of these enterprises and why they are so unusual. Most businesses are constantly caught in the battle over whether to use the firm's profits to pay labor or to increase capital. Worker cooperatives provide an appealing case study because the interests of labor and capital are aligned. If individuals have a role in setting goals, they should have an added incentive to help meet those goals, and productivity should benefit. On the other hand, observers have long argued that, since any single employee in a co-op reaps only a small benefit from working hard, workers may shirk work, and productivity can flag. Furthermore, co-ops often have difficulty raising capital, since they are constrained by how much money the workers have, and banks are often reluctant to lend them money. Using some fifteen years of data on forty mills in Washington State, Pencavel examines how worker co-ops really function. He assesses the practical problems of running a workplace where every employee is a boss. He looks at worker productivity, on-the-job injuries and financial risks facing owner-workers. He considers whether co-ops are inherently unstable and if they are plagued by infighting among the many worker-owners. Although many of the co-ops he studied have closed or been replaced by conventional businesses, Pencavel judges them to have been a success. Despite the risks inherent in such operations, allowing workers to make the decisions that profoundly affect them produces many benefits, including workplace efficiency and increased job security. However, Pencavel concludes, if more Americans are to enjoy such a working arrangement, labor laws will have to be changed, participation encouraged, and a more vigorous public debate about worker participation must take place. This book provides an excellent place to start the discussion.