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Work zone performance measures pilot test /
Currently, a well-defined and validated set of metrics to use in monitoring work zone performance do not exist. This pilot test was conducted to assist state DOTs in identifying what work zone performance measures can and should be targeted, what data they will need to collect to compute those measures, and what methods exist to obtain that data. Work zone activity and traffic data from five work zone projects were gathered and analyzed. Multiple data sources and collection methods were examined and utilized to the extent available at each project. These sources were field crew personnel manually documenting queue presence, length, and duration; traffic surveillance data from a transportation management center or from portable work zone ITS; and third-party probe vehicle data (in this test, large truck speed data obtained via the FHWA Office of Freight Management). The results of the pilot test indicate that manual documentation of queuing by field personnel, and the use of permanent or portable traffic sensor data can be used effectively to measure work zone impacts, given that information as to the time and location of work activities is known. Probe vehicle data is also believed to be a viable source of data, but sample size issues did limit is applicability in this pilot test. Average and maximum queue lengths and duration, duration of queues exceeding pre-determined thresholds, vehicle exposure to queues, and vehicle delays when queues are present were among the several performance measures tested and demonstrated as viable indicators of work zone mobility impacts. A number of lessons learned through this pilot test effort are also included in the report.
In recent years there have been increasing efforts to use accountability systems based on large-scale tests of students as a mechanism for improving student achievement. The federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a prominent example of such an effort, but it is only the continuation of a steady trend toward greater test-based accountability in education that has been going on for decades. Over time, such accountability systems included ever-stronger incentives to motivate school administrators, teachers, and students to perform better. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education reviews and synthesizes relevant research from economics, psychology, education, and related fields about how incentives work in educational accountability systems. The book helps identify circumstances in which test-based incentives may have a positive or a negative impact on student learning and offers recommendations for how to improve current test-based accountability policies. The most important directions for further research are also highlighted. For the first time, research and theory on incentives from the fields of economics, psychology, and educational measurement have all been pulled together and synthesized. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education will inform people about the motivation of educators and students and inform policy discussions about NCLB and state accountability systems. Education researchers, K-12 school administrators and teachers, as well as graduate students studying education policy and educational measurement will use this book to learn more about the motivation of educators and students. Education policy makers at all levels of government will rely on this book to inform policy discussions about NCLB and state accountability systems.
This Work Zone Best Practices Guidebook provides an easily accessible compilation of work zone operations practices used and recommended by various States and localities around the country. The Guidebook is a reference document that can be updated with new approaches, technologies, and practices for effectively managing work zones and reducing the impacts of work zones on mobility and safety as they are identified. The best practices are descriptive, not prescriptive. They describe approaches that have been successfully used by transportation agencies, along with contact information to find out more from the agency using the practice. Each organization must determine which of these practices are best suited for its particular situation, considering all the site-specific factors that affect work zone operations.
This guide is designed to provide direction on the monitoring of traffic characteristics. It begins with a discussion of the structure of traffic characteristics monitoring and traffic counting. The next two sections cover vehicle classification and truck weighing. The last section presents the coordinated record formats for station identification, traffic volume, vehicle classification, and truck weight data.
This document presents a synthesis of current information and operating practices related to roadside safety and is developed in metric units. The roadside is defined as that area beyond the traveled way (driving lanes) and the shoulder (if any) of the roadway itself. The focus of this guide is on safety treatments that minimize the likelihood of serious injuries when a driver runs off the road. This guide replaces the 1989 AASHTO "Roadside Design Guide."
Adverse aircraft-pilot coupling (APC) events include a broad set of undesirable and sometimes hazardous phenomena that originate in anomalous interactions between pilots and aircraft. As civil and military aircraft technologies advance, interactions between pilots and aircraft are becoming more complex. Recent accidents and other incidents have been attributed to adverse APC in military aircraft. In addition, APC has been implicated in some civilian incidents. This book evaluates the current state of knowledge about adverse APC and processes that may be used to eliminate it from military and commercial aircraft. It was written for technical, government, and administrative decisionmakers and their technical and administrative support staffs; key technical managers in the aircraft manufacturing and operational industries; stability and control engineers; aircraft flight control system designers; research specialists in flight control, flying qualities, human factors; and technically knowledgeable lay readers.