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China, hitherto barely affected by terrorism, now confronts a phenomenon all too familiar to other nations.
Using a wide variety of previously unavailable sources, Hong Yung Lee offers a theoretical and historical perspective on China's ruling elite, examining their politics and the bureaucratic system in which they participate. He traces the evolution of these cadres from the guerrilla fighters who first joined the communist movement and founded the new regime in 1949 to the technocratic specialists who wield power today. In the revolution, communist leaders built a peasant-based party organization whose members were largely recruited from uneducated poor peasants and hired laborers. Even after they became the founders of a new regime, their rural orientation and revolutionary experiences continued to affect the political process. Lee shows how the requirements of modernization compelled the state to replace the revolutionary cadres with bureaucratic technocrats. Selected from the postliberation generation, the new leaders are more committed to problem-solving than to socialism. Despite uncertainties in the immediate future, this elite transformation signifies an end to modern China's revolutionary era. Lee argues that it seems only a matter of time before China will have a bureaucratic-authoritarian regime led by technocrats possessing a managerial perspective and a pragmatic economic orientation. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.
This book is the first to systematically introduce China’s tourism education system and the various tourism education practices in China to the international audience and stakeholders. China has the world’s largest tourism education system, which consists of over 1,000 higher learning institutions with tourism-related programs and over half a million of tertiary-level students studying in these programs. Despite the industry scale, internationally, little is known about this tourism education system and how it operates. Knowledge and better understanding of China’s tourism education system are important as tourism becomes one of the critical forces transforming economy, society and environment. The book offers an historical evaluation of China tourism education development and elaborates on the current industry status and practices in different subject fields of China’s tourism education, including tourism management, hospitality management, events and festival management in higher education, tourism vocational education, tour guides training and certification, master of tourism administration (MTA) education as a unique education model in China, PhD education in tourism, tourism curriculum, research and international collaboration in tourism education in China. The book provides relevant knowledge to international tourism education providers, industry practitioners, human resource managers, government officials, and tourism academics, researchers, and students.
This book collects the papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response (RACR-2019) held in Athens, Greece, on October 15-19, 2019. The overall theme of the seventh international conference on risk analysis and crisis response is Risk Analysis Based on Data and Crisis Response Beyond Knowledge, highlighting science and technology to improve risk analysis capabilities and to optimize crisis response strategy. This book contains primarily research articles of risk issues. Underlying topics include natural hazards and major (chemical) accidents prevention, disaster risk reduction and society resilience, information and communication technologies safety and cybersecurity, modern trends in crisis management, energy and resources security, critical infrastructure, nanotechnology safety and others. All topics include aspects of multidisciplinarity and complexity of safety in education and research. The book should be valuable to professors, engineers, officials, businessmen and graduate students in risk analysis and risk management.
This book focuses on an attractive theoretical subject as well as a practical issue, which analyses the inner relationship of economic growth and income distribution in China. During the forty years of China’s reform and opening up many influential changes occurred in the structure of the national income distribution, the mechanism of income distribution, and the policies of distributing income with the high-speed development of China. From historical and regional analysis, this book collects a good deal of data and objectively summarizes the practice and experience of renovation of income distribution in China. Based upon the summary and conclusion above, the book paraphrases and creates a conceptual mechanism, a basic theory, and a basic methodology of socialism with Chinese characteristics and discovers the internal rules of the changing relationship between high-speed economic development and income distribution in China to guide and facilitate the further improvement and innovative development of income distribution in China. Furthermore, the book enriches the political economy theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the aspect of practical experience, as well as theory.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 16th China National Conference on Computational Linguistics, CCL 2017, and the 5th International Symposium on Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data, NLP-NABD 2017, held in Nanjing, China, in October 2017. The 39 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 272 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: Fundamental theory and methods of computational linguistics; Machine translation and multilingual information processing; Knowledge graph and information extraction; Language resource and evaluation; Information retrieval and question answering; Text classification and summarization; Social computing and sentiment analysis; NLP applications; Minority language information processing.
While the Peoples Republic of China is officially an atheist country, Christianity continues to experience rapid growth on the Chinese mainland. Many observers see the country as on the way to becoming "the world's most Christian nation." Yet there is widespread ignorance in the English speaking world about how the Chinese Christian community fared during the decades prior to China's "opening up to the West" in the aftermath of the historic visit of Richard Nixon to Beijing in 1972. This collection of essays, the first of them published in 1939, provides an invaluable record of developments in mainland Chinese Christianity during that period and for the remaining decades of the twentieth century. The fact that the essays were all authored by a key participant in the Protestant churches in China provides significant added value. Professor Chen discusses a wide range of important topics: various stages of rural and urban development, the "Three Self" principles for structuring officially sanctioned worshiping communities, Bishop K.H. Ting's advocacy of a genuinely indigenous Chinese theology, patterns of international cooperation, worship, seminary education, and much more. These essays make a unique and significant contribution to the Western understanding of Asian religious life in the twentieth century.
Drawing on history of science and philosophy of knowledge, this wide-ranging collection of essays on varieties of diagram, schema, technical illustration and chart offers a challenging new interpretation of technical knowledge in Chinese thought and practice.