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Aside from skin cancer, breast cancer is currently considered the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the U.S. It is unique from other cancers in that it presents extreme financial costs, coupled with both physiological and psychological consequences for the impacted women and their families. Lifestyle factors are known contributors to rates of breast cancer, and knowledge is essential to its prevention. Women who are classified as "emerging adults" offer a vital window of opportunity for intervention, as lifestyle patterns are often set during this time. This cross-sectional, descriptive study examined the level of breast cancer knowledge, beliefs, and screening behaviors among a sample of emerging adult college women (n = 342) in the southeastern U.S. by measuring participants' confidence, health motivation, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers, in addition to their degree of worry in relation to breast cancer. Participants responded to a written, self-report 86-item questionnaire. All analyses were conducted using SAS® 9.0. Results of the study showed participants had a low level of perceived susceptibility towards breast cancer, as well as relatively low overall breast cancer knowledge. Findings also revealed a significant association between ethnicity, year in school, and family history of breast cancer and participants' general degree of breast cancer-related worry. Of the Health Belief Model constructs, confidence and perceived barriers were found to significantly predict breast self-examination. The college years provide a great opportunity for health intervention strategies. Health program planners should aim to develop interventions that are adapted to address the unique needs of women who are transitioning from adolescence to adulthood. These interventions should center on enhancing self-efficacy of breast cancer screening and reducing barriers. Education-based programs are also needed to increase women's overall knowledge and awareness of breast cancer-related issues. Such strategies have great potential to enhance women's quality of life and positively influence those with whom they closely interact.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine their attitudes and beliefs about breast cancer and breast self-examination and to define the factors influencing the belief and attitudes of women working at Eastern Mediterranean University as an academic and an administrative staff.Methods: A total of 235 women participated in this study. Data was collected by the researcher using.
Breast cancer was a serious health concern for women living in the United States. The risk of a woman developing breast cancer in her lifetime was one in eight. Through early detection, however, breast cancer could be treated early, potentially increasing the likelihood of survival. Health educators promoted breast self-examination (BSE) and anticipated that by encouraging women to perform BSE at a young age, women would maintain it as a life-long habit. Due to the lack of information about young women and the performance of BSE, this project applied the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TMC) to breast cancer prevention behavior in women ages 18-24 to identify their stage of BSE performance. The TMC suggested that individuals progressed through five to six specific stages as they contemplated behavioral change and it was consistently supported by empirical research on health behaviors (Grimley, Prochaska, Velicer, Blais, and DiClemente, 1994). This project also examined the relationship between stage adoption and Health Belief Model variables identified in the literature on BSE. The goal of this project was to utilize the TMC and the Health Belief Model to assist health educators in tailoring their BSE educational efforts to help young women progress to a higher stage of change.