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Der Band fasst Beitrage zusammen, die auf der Leipziger Konferenz im Jahre 2001 vorgestellt wurde. Gemeinsames Thema ist das Wohnen in europaischen Grossstadten. Diskutiert werden die stadtischen und die staatlichen Initiativen zur Behegung der Wohnungsnot in der Zwischenkriegszeit, wobei Sozialpolitik und soziale Kontrolle, staatspolitische Rhetorik und die Realitat der Wohnungspolitik gesonderte Aspekte darstellen. Konzepte der Klein- bzw. Minimalwohnung und Modelle burgerlichen Wohnens werden im Zusammenhang von Konzeptionen der Grossstadt und deren Modernisierung bzw. Technisierung thematisiert. Mit dem Versuch, die ostmitteleuropaischen Grossstadte und deren Wohnverhaltnisse im gesamteuropaischen Kontext zu sehen, werden die Grenzen in der Geographie der aktuellen Forschung zugleich uberschritten und hinterfragt. Inhalt: Adelheid von Saldern: Wohnen in der europaischen Grossstadt 1900-1939. Eine Einfuhrung Grossstadtische Stadtviertel und Wohnmilieus: Anna Zarnowska: Veranderungen der Wohnkultur im Prozess der Adaption von Zuwanderern an das grossstadtische Leben an der Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert am Beispiel von Warschau und Lodz Sabine Rutar: Wohnen in Triest um die Jahrhundertwende Agnieszka Zablocka-Kos: Wohnen in der City. Die Breslauer Altstadt im 19. Jahrhundert Uwe Schneider: Das Konzept der "Gartenkultur" und die "Entdeckung" des Siedlergartens Gerd Kuhn: "Wildes" Siedeln und "stille" Suburbanisierung. Von den Wohnlauben zu den privaten Stadtrandsiedlungen Kommunale Wohnpolitik und gemeinnutziger Wohnungsbau: Christoph Kuhn: Stadterweiterung und hygienischer Stadtebau in Leipzig. Zu den administrativen Wurzeln einer Wohnreform um 1900 Anna Bitner-Nowak: Wohnungspolitik und Wohnverhaltnisse in Posen in den Jahren 1990-1939 Hanna Kozinska-Witt: Die Krakauer kommunale Selbstverwaltung und die Frage der Kleinwohnungen 1900-1939 Ute Caumanns: Mietskasernen und "Glaserne Hauser" Soziales Wohnen in Warschau zwischen Philanthropie und Genossenschaft 1900-1939 Andreas R. Hofmann: Von der Spekulation zur Intervention. Formen des Arbeiterwohnungsbaus in Lodz und Brunn vor und nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg Modernisierung des Wohnens und soziale Disziplinierung: Dieter Schott: Wohnen im Netz. Zur Modernisierung grossstadtischen Wohnens durch technische Netzwerke 1900-1939 Anna Veronika Wendland: "Europa" zivilisiert den "Osten" Stadthygienische Interventionen, Wohnen und Konsum in Wilna und Lemberg 1900-1930 Martina Hessler: Die Vertreibung ins Paradies. Von der technisierten Wohnmaschine zur "Primitivsiedlung" Wohnreform in Frankfurt a.M. zwischen 1926 und 1939 Alena Janatkova: Die Bauaufgabe Kleinwohnung in der Tschechoslowakei der Zwischenkriegszeit Beate Stortkuhl: Wohnungsbau der Zwischenkriegszeit in Breslau im ostmitteleuropaischen Kontext. Eine Vergleichsstudie Schichtenspezifisches Wohnen: Kazimierz Karolczak: Das Palais als Wohnstatte der Aristokratie am Fallbeispiel Lemberg Hanna Grzeszczuk-Brendel: Das Villen-Mietshaus in Posen: Eine neue Vorstellung von Wohnung und Stadt Gabor Gyani: Housing patterns of Burgertum: A Budapest case study from the 1920s Iris Meder: Josef Frank und die Wiener Schule der skeptischen Moderne Hakan Forsell: "Paying the rent". A perspective on changes in an every-day pattern. Stockholm, Berlin and Vienna Susanne Schmidt: Arbeitersiedlung und Arbeiteralltag im oberschlesischen Industriegebiet Abbildungsverzeichnis - Personenregister - Ortsregister
In 'European Cities in the Modern Era, 1850/80-1914', Friedrich Lenger offers an account of Europe's major cities in a period crucial for the development of much of their present shape and infrastructure.
Around 1900 cities in Southern and Eastern Europe were persistently labeled "backward" and "delayed." Allegedly, they had no alternative but to follow the role model of the metropolises, of London, Paris or Vienna. This edited volume fundamentally questions this assumption. It shows that cities as diverse as Barcelona, Berdyansk, Budapest, Lviv, Milan, Moscow, Prague, Warsaw and Zagreb pursued their own agendas of modernization. In order to solve their pressing problems with respect to urban planning and public health, they searched for best practices abroad. The solutions they gleaned from other cities were eclectic to fit the specific needs of a given urban space and were thus often innovative. This applied urban knowledge was generated through interurban networks and multi-directional exchanges. Yet in the period around 1900, this transnational municipalism often clashed with the forging of urban and national identities, highlighting the tensions between the universal and the local. This interurban perspective helps to overcome nationalist perspectives in historiography as well as outdated notions of "center and periphery." This volume will appeal to scholars from a large number of disciplines, including urban historians, historians of Eastern and Southern Europe, historians of science and medicine, and scholars interested in transnational connections.
Social policy, as executed in western civilization, is apparently at a crossroads, with “forgotten” contradictions between the rich and the poor having once again become topical. The current economic and social crisis, including the crisis of the welfare state, raises the need to seek solutions from the past as well as the present. This volume brings together examples of social practice in the Central European region from the 19th century to the 1950s.
Urban Machinery investigates the technological dimension of modern European cities, vividly describing the most dramatic changes in the urban environment over the last century and a half. Written by leading scholars from the history of technology, urban history, sociology and science, technology, and society, the book views the European city as a complex construct entangled with technology. The chapters examine the increasing similarity of modern cities and their technical infrastructures (including communication, energy, industrial, and transportation systems) and the resulting tension between homogenization and cultural differentiation. The contributors emphasize the concept of circulation--the process by which architectural ideas, urban planning principles, engineering concepts, and societal models spread across Europe as well as from the United States to Europe. They also examine the parallel process of appropriation--how these systems and practices have been adapted to prevailing institutional structures and cultural preferences. Urban Machinery, with contributions by scholars from eight countries, and more than thirty illustrations (many of them rare photographs never published before), includes studies from northern and southern and from eastern and western Europe, and also discusses how European cities were viewed from the periphery (modernizing Turkey) and from the United States.ContributorsHans Buiter, Paolo Capuzzo, Noyan Din�kal, Cornelis Disco, P�l Germuska, Mikael H�rd, Martina He�ler, Dagmara Jajesniak-Quast, Andrew Jamison, Per Lundin, Thomas J. Misa, Dieter Schott, Marcus StippakMikael H�rd is Professor of History at Darmstadt University of Technology. His books include The Intellectual Appropriation of Technology: Discourses on Modernity, 1900-1939 (coedited with Andrew Jamison; MIT Press, 1998). Thomas J. Misa is ERA-Land Grant Professor of the History of Technology at the University of Minnesota, where he directs the Charles Babbage Institute. His books include Modernity and Technology (coedited with Philip Brey and Andrew Feenberg; MIT Press, 2003).
Statehood examines the extending lines of development of nation-state systems in Eastern Europe, in particular considering why certain tendencies in state development found a different expression in this region compared to other parts of the continent. This volume discusses the differences between the social developments, political decisions, and historical experience that have influenced processes of state-building, with a focus on the structural problems of the region and the different paths taken to overcome them. The book addresses processes of building social orders and examines the contribution of state institutions to social and cultural integration and disintegration. It analyses institutional and personnel continuities that have outlasted the great political changes of the twentieth century and addresses the expansion of state activity in shaping property relations in agriculture and industry as well as in social security and family politics. Taking a comparative approach based on experiential history, allowing individual experience to be detached from specific national references, the volume delineates a transnational comparison of problems shared within the region as they have been passed down through history, providing definition to the specificity of Eastern Europe and situating the historical experience of the region within a pan-European context. The second in a four-volume set on Central and Eastern Europe in the twentieth century, it is the go-to resource for those interested in statehood and state-building in this complex region.
The story of modernist architects in East Central Europe The first half of the twentieth century witnessed the rise of modernist architects. Brokers of Modernity reveals how East Central Europe turned into one of the pre-eminent testing grounds of the new belief system of modernism. By combining the internationalism of the CIAM organization and the modernising aspirations of the new states built after 1918, the reach of modernist architects extended far beyond their established fields. Yet, these architects paid a price when Europe’s age of extremes intensified. Mainly drawing on Polish, but also wider Central and Eastern European cases, this book delivers a pioneering study of the dynamics of modernist architects as a group, including how they became qualified, how they organized, communicated and attempted to live the modernist lifestyle themselves. In doing so, Brokers of Modernity raises questions concerning collective work in general and also invites us to examine the social role of architects today. Ebook available in Open Access. This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed Content).
This collection of essays addresses the challenge of modern nationalism to the tsarist Russian Empire. First appearing on the empire’s western periphery this challenge, was most prevalent in twelve provinces extending from Ukrainian lands in the south to the Baltic provinces in the north, as well as to the Kingdom of Poland. At issue is whether the late Russian Empire entered World War I as a multiethnic state with many of its age-old mechanisms run by a multiethnic elite, or as a Russian state predominantly managed by ethnic Russians. The tsarist vision of prioritizing loyalty among all subjects over privileging ethnic Russians and discriminating against non-Russians faced a fundamental problem: as soon as the opportunity presented itself, non-Russians would increase their demands and become increasingly separatist. The authors found that although the imperial government did not really identify with popular Russian nationalism, it sometimes ended up implementing policies promoted by Russian nationalist proponents. Matters addressed include native language education, interconfessional rivalry, the “Jewish question,” the origins of mass tourism in the western provinces, as well as the emergence of Russian nationalist attitudes in the aftermath of the first Russian revolution.
Windhoek, capital city of South West Africa or modern Namibia, represents an extraordinary showpiece for overlapping colonial planning regimes. For the first time, this book focuses on the decades between both World Wars when German and South African planning laws were amalgamated. It reveals the actions taken to implement a system of residential segregation from a transnational perspective. As the analysis demonstrates, Windhoek tended to replicate the colonial idea of a Dual City. But in fact the administration created a Hybrid City and there was no predetermined path to apartheid.
Translated by Cynthia Klohr After crushing the Polish Uprising in 1863–1864,Russia established a new system of administration and control. Imperial Russian Rule in the Kingdom of Poland, 1864–1915 investigates in detail the imperial bureaucracy’s highly variable relationship with Polish society over the next half century. It portrays the personnel and policies of Russian domination and describes the numerous layers of conflict and cooperation between the Tsarist officialdom and the local population. Presenting case studies of both modes of conflict and cooperation, Malte Rolf replaces the old, unambiguous “freedom-loving Poles vs. oppressive Russians” narrative with a more nuanced account and does justice to the complexity and diversity of encounters among Poles, Jews, and Russians in this contested geopolitical space. At the same time, he highlights the process of “provincializing the center,” the process by which the erosion of imperial rule in the Polish Kingdom facilitated the demise of the Romanov dynasty itself.