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In the 18th century, when roused from the initial reluctance to take the Jacobite Rebellion seriously, supporters of the Hanoverian dynasty rallied to its defense and exposed adherents of the Stuarts as a small minority, not only in England, but even in Scotland. The result was to revenge the spectacular early successes of the Young Pretender's forces in the crushing defeat at Culloden. The leader of the government's forces, the Duke of Cumberland, was determined there would not be a third rebellion to add to those in 1715 and 1745, and his tactics and treatment of the defeated Jacobite forces rightly earned him the title 'The Butcher.' This second edition examines the English government's response to the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion. While there have been many studies of the uprising from the Jacobite perspective, few have tackled the event from the view of the government and its supporters.
This is the first reset edition of Henderson's The Life of William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1766). Henderson wrote two open letters to Samuel Johnson, criticizing his account of Scotland and the Scottish character as well as taking a side-swipe at Smollet. These too are included together with a new introduction to Henderson and his works.
'Butcher' Cumberland is portrayed as one of the arch villains of British history. His leading role in the bloody defeat of the Jacobite rebellion in 1745 and his ruthless pursuit of Bonnie Prince Charlie's fugitive supporters across the Scottish Highlands has generated a reputation for severity that has endured to the present day. He has even been proposed as the most evil Briton of the eighteenth century. But was Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, the younger son of George II, really the ogre of popular imagination? Jonathan Oates, in this perceptive investigation of the man and his notorious career, seeks to answer this question. He looks dispassionately at Cumberland's character and at his record as a soldier, in particular at this behavior towards enemy wounded and prisoners. He analyses the rules of war as they were understood and applied in the eighteenth century. And he watches Cumberland closely through the entire course of the '45 campaign, from the retreat of the rebels across northern England to the Highlands, through Battle of Culloden and on into the bloodstained suppression that followed.