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This book investigates the pervasive problem of corruption across the Middle East and North Africa. Drawing on the specifics of the local context, the book explores how corruption in the region is actuated through informal practices that coexist and work in parallel to formal institutions. When informal practices become vehicles for corruption, they can have negative ripple effects across many aspects of society, but on the other hand, informal practices could also have the potential to be leveraged to reinforce formal institutions to help fight corruption. Drawing on a range of cases including Morocco, Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, Tunisia or Israel the book first explores the mechanisms and dynamics of corruption and informal practices in the region, before looking at the successes and failures of anti-corruption initiatives. The final section focuses on gender perspectives on corruption, which are often overlooked in corruption literature, and the role of women in the Middle East. With insights drawn from a range of disciplines, this book will be of interest to researchers and students across political science, philosophy, socio-legal studies, public administration, and Middle Eastern studies, as well as to policy makers and practitioners working in the region.
Early childhood is the most important stage of human development yet in Middle East and North Africa countries there is little research and inadequate investment in this crucial stage of life. This book covers risk, protective factors, policies and programs that can address inequality and shortfalls in the early years of life.
This book explores the causes of corruption in the Middle East and North Africa through a systematic cross-national comparative analysis of fifteen countries in the region. It aims to explain causal relationships between corruption and differences in political and socio-economic dimensions within these different countries over the period 1999-2010. The countries are grouped together into three sub-regions (the Gulf region, North Africa, and Mashreq plus Yemen). The author finds that the main variables that showed robustness in impacting the intensity of corruption are the rule of law, quality of regulations, and trade openness. Poverty rates and income inequality have been clear triggers for petty corruption. Meanwhile, natural resources endowments have shown less of an impact on the levels of corruption, and similarly women's empowerment has not been found to be a strong indicator. Dina Elsayed is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Egypt. She obtained her doctorate degree from the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. Her research focuses on comparative politics, corruption and governance in the MENA region.
Internet, satellite channels and new technologies are evolving and progressing by the day allowing free flow and exchange of information and ideas. And despite governments’ attempts to frustrate or quash independent players and research centers, the number of independent activists is dramatically increasing and the NGOs are booming. And if corruption were a sensitive subject to governments, it has become a basic commodity on internet websites, NGOs work and discussion programs on satellite channels that are watched and heard by millions across the Arab world. Tackling corruption is no longer a monopoly of government-appointed experts and lawyers. It had reached activists and the societies from all backgrounds. There are few civil society organizations that tackle corruption in this region but are on the rise. In numbers, the Arab civil society in general is witnessing a noticeable vivacity in a number of Arab countries and multiplying by the day despite the restrictive laws and regulations. ... Certainly, civil society can contribute much to cure corruption, but influential countries such as Egypt and Saudi Arabia do not promote anti-corruption activities or for that matter the establishment of NGOs to fight it. Its main dilemma however is related to finding sources for funding for its activities and development. And while the most common mechanism for encouraging individuals and corporations to make cash and in-kind donations to NGOs is through tax incentives for donors, tax deductions by law are given to individuals who build mosques. Arab countries that do allocate support and tax exemptions to NGOs make sure that recipient societies follow rather than monitor their policies. And though regimes acknowledge the repercussions of rampant corruption on their economies and on foreign investment, they remain hesitant in encouraging the civil society to carry the torch or initiating dramatic changes. In the words of Ahmed Lari, chief of the Kuwaiti Association for Public Funds: Corruption delays development because officials gear budgets toward projects that make them money rather than toward those that can benefit peoples such as education, health and public services.(5) From the Introduction
This report offers a perspective on the progress made in public management in the MENA region since 2005.
Successful businesses are built on trust. Employees and colleagues need to trust one another and they need to deserve and receive trust from customers and suppliers. Anti-Corruption provides resources for building trust through the implementation of comprehensive guidelines on how to professionalize ethics and anti-corruption education worldwide in a variety of classroom settings. It is written and tested by highly experienced program directors, deans and professors, in how to adopt, adapt and develop best teaching practice. It highlights successful patterns, details illustrative case studies and offers clear, hands-on recommendations. Anti-Corruption enables business schools, management-related academic institutions, and Executive Training Programs to embed curriculum change quickly to achieve positive outcomes. It enables degree programs and executive education programs to achieve global standards that will be widely followed.
Document from the year 2021 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Eastern Europe, grade: 5, , course: political system, language: English, abstract: The whole world is facing the problem of corruption. In addition to the problems of poverty, the main problem is the corruption that causes poverty, lowers local investment, lowers international interest in investing. This phenomenon can not be stopped with words and political rhetoric, many international countries are reluctant to invest in the West. Due to the level of corruption political parties come to power using vain rhetoric that they fight corruption, many court hearings are held against the corrupt that the court fails to convict them of corruption. Corruption is a global evil harmful to states, harmful to economic development for human well-being, not infrequently the world despairs because of the art of intent to greatly reduce this phenomenon, but hopes always exist and this is positive, strategies the many anti-corruption scandals that exist from different governments suggest that humanity does not give in to an evil such as corruption and by people who work for the state or companies and are involved in such illegal work.
This report examines the role of incentives, trust, and engagement as critical determinants of service delivery performance in MENA countries. Focusing on education and health, the report illustrates how the weak external and internal accountability undermines policy implementation and service delivery performance and how such a cycle of poor performance can be counteracted. Case studies of local success reveal the importance of both formal and informal accountability relationships and the role of local leadership in inspiring and institutionalizing incentives toward better service delivery performance. Enhancing services for MENA citizens requires forging a stronger social contract among public servants, citizens, and service providers while empowering communities and local leaders to find 'best fit' solutions. Learning from the variations within countries, especially the outstanding local successes, can serve as a solid basis for new ideas and inspiration for improving service delivery. Such learning may help the World Bank Group and other donors as well as national and local leaders and civil society, in developing ways to enhance the trust, voice, and incentives for service delivery to meet citizens’ needs and expectations.