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"This report documents research performed to develop recommended revisions to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications to extend the applicability of the transfer, development, and splice length provisions for prestressed and non-prestressed concrete members to concrete strengths greater than 10 ksi. The report details the research performed and includes recommended revisions to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge designers."--Foreword.
This book is intended to guide practicing structural engineers familiar with ear lier ACI building codes into more profitable routine designs with the ACI 1995 Building Code (ACI 318-95). Each new ACI Building Code expresses the latest knowledge of reinforced concrete in legal language for safe design application. Beginning in 1956 with the introduction of ultimate strength design, each new code offered better uti lization of high-strength reinforcement and the compressive strength of the con crete itself. Each new code thus permitted more economy as to construction material, but achieved it through more detailed and complicated design calcula tions. In addition to competition requiring independent structural engineers to follow the latest code for economy, it created a professional obligation to fol low the latest code for accepted levels of structural safety. The increasing complexity of codes has encouraged the use of computers for design and has stimulated the development of computer-based handbooks. Before computer software can be successfully used in the structural design of buildings, preliminary sizes of structural elements must be established from handbook tables, estimates, or experienced first guesses for input into the com puter.
Standards for tests and materials - Durability requirements - Concrete quality, mixing, and placing - Formwork, embedded pipes, and construction and movement joints - Details of reinforcement - Analysis and design general considerations - Strength and serviceability requirements - Flexure and axial loads - Shear and torsion - Development and splices of reinforcement - Two-way slab systems - Walls - Footings - Precast concrete - Composite concrete flexural members - Prestressed concrete - Shells and folded plate members - Strength evaluation of existing structures - Special provisions for seismic design - Structural plain concrete.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 678: Design of FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Girders in Shear offers suggested design guidelines for concrete girders strengthened in shear using externally bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) systems. The guidelines address the strengthening schemes and application of the FRP systems and their contribution to shear capacity of reinforced and prestressed concrete girders. The guidelines are supplemented by design examples to illustrate their use for concrete beams strengthened with different FRP systems. Appendix A of NCHRP Report 678, which contains the research agency's final report, provides further elaboration on the work performed in this project. Appendix A: Research Description and Findings, is only available online.
With the increased use of concrete in high temperature environments, it is essential for engineers to have a knowledge of the properties and mathematical modelling of concrete in such extreme conditions. Bringing together, for the first time, vast amounts of data previously scattered throughout numerous papers and periodicals, this book provides, in two parts, a comprehensive and systematic review of both the properties and the mathematical modelling of concrete at high temperatures. Part I provides a comprehensive description of the material properties of concrete at high temperatures. Assuming only a basic knowledge of mathematics, the information is presented at an elementary level suitable for graduates of civil engineering or materials science. Part II describes the response of concrete to high temperatures in precise terms based on mathematical modelling of physical processes. Suitable for advanced graduate students, researchers and specialists, it presents detailed mathematical models of phenomena such as heat transfer, moisture diffusion, creep, volume changes, cracking and fracture. Concrete at High Temperatures will prove a valuable reference source to university researchers and graduate students in civil engineering and materials science, engineers in research laboratories, and practising engineers concerned with fire resistance, concrete structures for nuclear reactors and chemical technology vessels.
Concrete is a global material that underwrites commercial wellbeing and social development. The pressure for change and improvement of performance is relentless and necessary. Concrete must keep evolving to satisfy the increasing demands of all its users.