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A warrant was developed to choose the appropriate type of left turn signal phasing: permissive, exclusive/permissive, or exclusive. Time-lapse photography was used to observe volume and delay data at a total of six arterial-arterial signalized intersections in the Phoenix metropolitan area. From the time-lapse film, data on volume, number of vehicles stopping, total delay, average delay per stopped vehicle, and average delay for all vehicles was obtained for each turning movement. The effect of the type of left turn signal phasing on left turn delay and through delay was analyzed. A three year history of Accident rates for the three types of left turn phasing were also reviewed. The developed warrant chooses the type of left turn phasing based on left turn volume, opposing volume, number of opposing lanes, cycle length, approach speed, sight distance restrictions, and accident history. (Author)
This study dealt with five types of left turn signal phasing: permissive, leading exclusive, lagging exclusive, leading exclusive/permissive, and lagging exclusive/permissive. The objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop a research work plan to conduct a statistically valid study for the development of numerical warrants for left turn movements; and (2) prepare a database of available information on signalized intersections and select the intersections to be used in the future study. This report describes the database of Arizona signalized intersections created in this project, the findings on left turn accident rates for different types of left turn phasing (using a nonrandom sample), and results of a validation study of the TEXAS computer simulation model. It also presents a research work plan for a future research project.
This report serves as a comprehensive guide to traffic signal timing and documents the tasks completed in association with its development. The focus of this document is on traffic signal control principles, practices, and procedures. It describes the relationship between traffic signal timing and transportation policy and addresses maintenance and operations of traffic signals. It represents a synthesis of traffic signal timing concepts and their application and focuses on the use of detection, related timing parameters, and resulting effects to users at the intersection. It discusses advanced topics briefly to raise awareness related to their use and application. The purpose of the Signal Timing Manual is to provide direction and guidance to managers, supervisors, and practitioners based on sound practice to proactively and comprehensively improve signal timing. The outcome of properly training staff and proactively operating and maintaining traffic signals is signal timing that reduces congestion and fuel consumption ultimately improving our quality of life and the air we breathe. This manual provides an easy-to-use concise, practical and modular guide on signal timing. The elements of signal timing from policy and funding considerations to timing plan development, assessment, and maintenance are covered in the manual. The manual is the culmination of research into practices across North America and serves as a reference for a range of practitioners, from those involved in the day to day management, operation and maintenance of traffic signals to those that plan, design, operate and maintain these systems.
The objective of this research was to develop guidelines for the use of exclusive/permissive left-turn signal phasing. This was achieved by collecting data on traffic and roadway conditions for exclusive, exclusive/permissive, and permissive left-turn phasings and then analyzing the data to identify relationships between the left-turn phasings and traffic and roadway conditions. The guidelines addressed the following" (1) volume guidelines based on peak hour minimum left-turn volume and the product of the peak- hour left-turn and opposing volumes, (2) annual left-turn accident experience, (3) left-turn traffic conflict experience based on critical number and rates, (4) left-turn delay, and (5) site condition factors identified in the study
More than 70% of motorists returning a questionnaire distributed for the study favored the exclusive/permissive signal, while about 17% said the signal reduced delays, and 30% said it created a hazard. Intersections with one or more right-turn-on-red movements seemed especially susceptible to vehicular conflicts. The ratios of accidents involving left-turning vehicles to all accidents at intersections appeared to increase after the E/P signals were installed.
Guidelines for implementing the standards and applications contained in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.