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The book gives a comprehensive and lucid account of the science of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). There is an emphasis on the application of the ABL to numerical modelling of the climate. The book comprises nine chapters, several appendices (data tables, information sources, physical constants) and an extensive reference list. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, with chapters 2 and 3 dealing with the development of mean and turbulence equations, and the many scaling laws and theories that are the cornerstone of any serious ABL treatment. Modelling of the ABL is crucially dependent for its realism on the surface boundary conditions, and chapters 4 and 5 deal with aerodynamic and energy considerations, with attention to both dry and wet land surfaces and sea. The structure of the clear-sky, thermally stratified ABL is treated in chapter 6, including the convective and stable cases over homogeneous land, the marine ABL and the internal boundary layer at the coastline. Chapter 7 then extends the discussion to the cloudy ABL. This is seen as particularly relevant, since the extensive stratocumulus regions over the subtropical oceans and stratus regions over the Arctic are now identified as key players in the climate system. Finally, chapters 8 and 9 bring much of the book's material together in a discussion of appropriate ABL and surface parameterization schemes in general circulation models of the atmosphere that are being used for climate simulation.
Accompanying DVD-ROM contains ... "all chapters of the Springer Handbook."--Page 3 of cover.
This new edition of the near-legendary textbook by Schlichting and revised by Gersten presents a comprehensive overview of boundary-layer theory and its application to all areas of fluid mechanics, with particular emphasis on the flow past bodies (e.g. aircraft aerodynamics). The new edition features an updated reference list and over 100 additional changes throughout the book, reflecting the latest advances on the subject.
This volume presents selected papers from the IUTAM Symposium on Reynolds Number Scaling in Turbulent Flow, convened in Princeton, NJ, USA, September I1-13, 2002. The behavior ofturbulence at high Reynolds number is interesting from a fundamental point of view, in that most theories of turbulence make very specific predictions in the limit of infinite Reynolds number. From a more practical point of view, there exist many applications that involve turbulent flow where the Reynolds numbers are extremely large. For example, large vehicles such as submarines and commercial transports operate at Reynolds 9 numbers based on length ofthe order oft0 , and industrial pipe flows cover a 7 very wide range of Reynolds numbers up to 10 • Many very important applications of high Reynolds number flow pertain to atmospheric and other geophysical flows where extremely high Reynolds numbers are the rule rather than the exception, and the understanding of climate changes and the prediction of destructive weather effects hinges to some extent on our appreciation ofhigh-Reynolds number turbulence behavior. The important effects of Reynolds number on turbulence has received a great deal of recent attention. The objective of the Symposium was to bring together many of the world's experts in this area to appraise the new experimental results, discuss new scaling laws and turbulence models, and to enhance our mutual understanding of turbulence.
Applications of Heat, Mass and Fluid Boundary Layers brings together the latest research on boundary layers where there has been remarkable advancements in recent years. This book highlights relevant concepts and solutions to energy issues and environmental sustainability by combining fundamental theory on boundary layers with real-world industrial applications from, among others, the thermal, nuclear and chemical industries. The book's editors and their team of expert contributors discuss many core themes, including advanced heat transfer fluids and boundary layer analysis, physics of fluid motion and viscous flow, thermodynamics and transport phenomena, alongside key methods of analysis such as the Merk-Chao-Fagbenle method. This book's multidisciplinary coverage will give engineers, scientists, researchers and graduate students in the areas of heat, mass, fluid flow and transfer a thorough understanding of the technicalities, methods and applications of boundary layers, with a unified approach to energy, climate change and a sustainable future.
Particle image velocimetry, or PIV, refers to a class of methods used in experimental fluid mechanics to determine instantaneous fields of the vector velocity by measuring the displacements of numerous fine particles that accurately follow the motion of the fluid. Although the concept of measuring particle displacements is simple in essence, the factors that need to be addressed to design and implement PIV systems that achieve reliable, accurate, and fast measurements and to interpret the results are surprisingly numerous. The aim of this book is to analyze and explain them comprehensively.
Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond Helicities play essential roles in numerous geophysical, astrophysical, and magnetohydrodynamic phenomena, thus are studied from various disciplinary viewpoints. Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond draws together experts from different research fields to present an interdisciplinary and integrated approach to helicity studies. This synthesis advances understanding of the fundamental physical processes underlying various helicity-related phenomena. Volume highlights include: Concise introduction to fundamental properties of helicities Recent developments and achievements in helicity studies Perspectives from different fields including geophysics, space physics, solar physics, plasma physics, atmospheric and nonlinear sciences A cohesive mathematical, physical, observational, experimental, and numerical strategy for helicity studies A synthesized framework for the application of helicity to real-world problems The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
This volume reviews all aspects of Mars atmospheric science from the surface to space, and from now and into the past.