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The controversies and ambiguities characterising the EU neighbourhood strategy are ultimately due to the fact that the wider Europe concerns the conceptual, strategic and spatial limits of Europe. It is in this wider Europe that the EU as process meets the EU as actor. It is here that its 'gravitational power' meets its 'normative power'. It is here that the sui-generis EU governance system meets its foreign policy capabilities. By exploring the meanings and possible usages of the term 'variable geometry', this study sets out to interpret how the deepening of relations between the European Union and its neighbours in the East, South-East and South shapes the conceptual political and strategic map of the wider European space. Three dimensions of variable geometries are distinguished. The first dimension relates to ideas and focuses on the way in which the EU as a polity affects, and is affected by, deeper relations with its neighbours. Second, the focus is on institutions and illustrates the rationale behind and options for deeper institutional integration of neighbours into the EU. Lastly, the study ventures into an analysis of the wider Europe as a power constellation and thus explains what variable geometry means in relation to security and stability in the European neighbourhood. This basic tri-partition is then applied to two topical cases: Turkey and Ukraine.
Presents the latest groundbreaking theoretical foundation to shape optimization in a form accessible to mathematicians, scientists and engineers.
The tools to use for problems where the modeling, optimization, or control variable is the structure of a geometric object.
This text presents an integrated development of core material from several complex variables and complex algebraic geometry, leading to proofs of Serre's celebrated GAGA theorems relating the two subjects, and including applications to the representation theory of complex semisimple Lie groups. It includes a thorough treatment of the local theory using the tools of commutative algebra, an extensive development of sheaf theory and the theory of coherent analytic and algebraicsheaves, proofs of the main vanishing theorems for these categories of sheaves, and a complete proof of the finite dimensionality of the cohomology of coherent sheaves on compact varieties. The vanishing theorems have a wide variety of applications and these are covered in detail. Of particular interest arethe last three chapters, which are devoted to applications of the preceding material to the study of the structure theory and representation theory of complex semisimple Lie groups. Included are introductions to harmonic analysis, the Peter-Weyl theorem, Lie theory and the structure of Lie algebras, semisimple Lie algebras and their representations, algebraic groups and the structure of complex semisimple Lie groups. All of this culminates in Milicic's proof of the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem,which makes extensive use of the material developed earlier in the text. There are numerous examples and exercises in each chapter. This modern treatment of a classic point of view would be an excellent text for a graduate course on several complex variables, as well as a useful reference for theexpert.
Differentiation was at first not perceived as a threat to the European project, but rather as a tool to promote further integration. Today, more EU policies than ever are marked by concentric circles of integration and a lack of uniform application. As the EU faces increasingly existential challenges, this timely book considers whether the proliferation of mechanisms of flexibility has contributed to this newly fragile state or whether, to the contrary, differentiation has been fundamental to integration despite the heterogeneity of national interests and priorities.
This book starts from the design requirements of variable geometry turbines for marine gas turbines. It systematically and comprehensively introduces the flow mechanism and characteristics of variable geometry turbines, aerodynamic design methods, variable vane turning design methods, structural design technology of the variable vane system, aerodynamic characteristics and reliability test technology for variable geometry turbines, and so on.
A great deal of progress has been made recently in the field of asymptotic formulas that arise in the theory of Dirac and Laplace type operators. Asymptotic Formulae in Spectral Geometry collects these results and computations into one book. Written by a leading pioneer in the field, it focuses on the functorial and special cases methods of computing asymptotic heat trace and heat content coefficients in the heat equation. It incorporates the work of many authors into the presentation, and includes a complete bibliography that serves as a roadmap to the literature on the subject. Geometers, mathematical physicists, and analysts alike will undoubtedly find this to be the definitive book on the subject.
This book provides a thorough and fresh treatment of the control of innovative variable-geometry vehicle suspension systems. A deep survey on the topic, which covers the varying types of existing variable-geometry suspension solutions, introduces the study. The book discusses three important aspects of the subject: • robust control design; • nonlinear system analysis; and • integration of learning and control methods. The importance of variable-geometry suspensions and the effectiveness of design methods implemented in the autonomous functionalities of electric vehicles—functionalities like independent steering and torque vectoring—are illustrated. The authors detail the theoretical background of modeling, control design, and analysis for each functionality. The theoretical results achieved through simulation examples and hardware-in-the-loop scenarios are confirmed. The book highlights emerging ideas of applying machine-learning-based methods in the control system with guarantees on safety performance. The authors propose novel control methods, based on the theory of robust linear parameter-varying systems, with examples for various suspension systems. Academic researchers interested in automotive systems and their counterparts involved in industrial research and development will find much to interest them in the eleven chapters of Control of Variable-Geometry Vehicle Suspensions.
This book offers an introduction to differential geometry for the non-specialist. It includes most of the required material from multivariable calculus, linear algebra, and basic analysis. An intuitive approach and a minimum of prerequisites make it a valuable companion for students of mathematics and physics. The main focus is on manifolds in Euclidean space and the metric properties they inherit from it. Among the topics discussed are curvature and how it affects the shape of space, and the generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus known as Stokes' theorem.