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The near-unanimous consensus among climate scientists is that the massive burning of gas, oil, and coal is having cataclysmic impacts on our atmosphere and climate. These climate and environmental impacts are particularly magnified and debilitating for low-income communities and communities of color. Energy democracy tenders a response and joins the environmental and climate movement with broader movements for social and economic change in this country and around the world. Energy Democracy brings together racial, cultural, and generational perspectives to show what an alternative, democratized energy future can look like. The book will inspire others to take up the struggle to build the energy democracy movement.
This shortform book presents key peer-reviewed research selected by expert series editors and contextualised by new analysis on the industrial history of delivering utilities. With contributions on the strengths and weaknesses of the creation of electricity networks, the organisation and performance of Britain’s nationalised gas industry, and the environmental impact of delivering water and removing waste water, this volume provides an array of fascinating insights into industrial history. Of interest to business and economic historians, this shortform book also provides analysis and illustrative case-studies that will be valuable reading across the social sciences.
Utilities have long been essential for societies, supplying basic services for nations, organizations and households alike. The proper functioning and regulation of utilities is therefore critical for the economy, society and security. History provides an invaluable insight into important issues of the economic and social regulation of utilities and offers guidance for future debates. However, the history of utility regulation – which speaks of changing, diverse and complex experiences around the world – was sidelined or marginalised when economists and policy-makers enthusiastically embraced the question of how to reform the utilities from the 1970s. This book examines in depth the complex regulation and deregulation of energy, communications, transportation and water utilities across Western Europe, the United States, Australia, Brazil, China and India. In each case, attention is drawn to the changing roles of the state, the market and firms in the regulation, organization and delivery of utility services. This book was originally published as a special issue of Business History.
The economics of electric utilities -- Early commercialization -- The first electric utilities -- The adoption of state commission rate regulation -- Growth and growing pains -- Public utility holding companies: opportunity and crisis -- Public utility holding companies: indictment and "death sentence"--Hydroelectricity and the federal government -- Rural electrification -- Conclusion and a look forward from 1940
A coherent argument in favor of regulating utilities
Following a historic look at the dominant business models of the utilities industry, we look at the factors impacting the industry today, "the three D's: decentralization, decarbonization and digitization". Decentralization describes what is happening, decarbonization describes why, and digitization helps explain how. To this, we add a fourth D: financial decline. After considering the impact of these factors, we look to the future. The book examines business model transformation through the study of an industry at the center of today's efforts to combat climate change: electrical utilities. When change comes to be the dominant business model of a mature industry, the pattern of change often occurs in recognizable ways. Often, radical change will occur in one element of an industry's business model, forcing a period of disruption, followed by innovation in other aspects of the business model as it adjusts to the new competitive environment. Following a historic look at the dominant utility business models and how we got to where we are, we look at how technology and climate change are impacting the industry today and "the three D's: decentralization, decarbonization and digitization". Although clichéd, the term is a useful framework to describe the big drivers of change moving through the industry. Decentralization describes what is happening, decarbonization describes why, and digitization helps explain how. To this, we add a fourth phenomenon striking at the financial stability of many utilities: financial decline. After considering the impact of these factors, we look to the future. Part 1 introduces the concept of business model transformation in mature firms. Part 2 describes the history of utility business model transformation from the 1880's. Part 3 illustrates stresses of decarbonization and technology on today's utility model. Part 4 describes the roadblocks to change encountered by mature firms, and strategies to bypass them. The basis of this book is research completed for a Doctoral dissertation completed and defended in 2019.
This book illuminates the role of technological stagnation in the decline of the American electric utility industry in the late 1960s and 1970s. Unlike other interpreters of the industry's woes, Professor Hirsh argues that a long and successful history of managing a conventional technology set the stage for the industry's deterioration. After improving steadily for decades, the technology that brought unequalled productivity growth to the industry appeared to stall in the late 1960s, making it impossible to mitigate the economic and regulatory assaults of the 1970s. Unfortunately, most managers did not recognize (or did not want to believe) the severity of the technological problems they faced, and they chose to focus instead on issues (usually financial or public relations) that appeared more manageable. Partly as a result of this lack of attention to technological issues, the industry found itself in the 1980s challenged by the prospects of deregulation and restructuring.
In the quest to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of water and wastewater services, many communities in the United States are exploring the potential advantages of privatization of those services. Unlike other utility services, local governments have generally assumed responsibility for providing water services. Privatization of such services can include the outright sale of system assets, or various forms of public-private partnershipsâ€"from the simple provision of supplies and services, to private design construction and operation of treatment plants and distribution systems. Many factors are contributing to the growing interest in the privatization of water services. Higher operating costs, more stringent federal water quality and waste effluent standards, greater customer demands for quality and reliability, and an aging water delivery and wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure are all challenging municipalities that may be short of funds or technical capabilities. For municipalities with limited capacities to meet these challenges, privatization can be a viable alternative. Privatization of Water Services evaluates the fiscal and policy implications of privatization, scenarios in which privatization works best, and the efficiencies that may be gained by contracting with private water utilities.
"This shortform book presents key peer-reviewed research selected by expert series editors and contextualised by new analysis on the industrial history of delivering utilities. With contributions on the strengths and weaknesses of the creation of electricity networks, the organisation and performance of Britain's nationalised gas industry, and the environmental impact of delivering water and removing waste water, this volume provides an array of fascinating insights into industrial history. Of interest to business and economic historians, this shortform book also provides analysis and illustrative case-studies that will be valuable reading across the social sciences"--
Power interruptions of the scale of the North American Blackout of 2003 are rare, but they still loom as a possibility. Will the aging infrastructure fail because deregulated monopolies have no financial incentives to upgrade? Is centralized planning becoming subordinate to market forces? Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation, Second Edition provides an updated, non-technical description that sheds light on the nature of the industry and the issues involved in its transition away from a regulated environment. The book begins by broadly surveying the industry, from a regulated utility structure to the major concepts of de-regulation to the history of electricity, the technical aspects, and the business of power. Then, the authors delve into the technologies and functions on which the industry operates; the many ways that power is used; and the various means of power generation, including central generating stations, renewable energy, and single-household size generators. The authors then devote considerable attention to the details of regulation and de-regulation. To conclude, one new chapter examines aging infrastructures and reliability of service, while another explores the causes of blackouts and how they can be prevented. Based on the authors' extensive experience, Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation, Second Edition offers an up-to-date perspective on the major issues impacting the daily operations as well as the long-term future of the electric utilities industry.