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This book looks at Brazil’s recent experience in using knowledge for development. It examines the major barriers confronting the country in its transition towards a knowledge-based economy, and presents elements of a viable strategy.
The research presented in this volume explains how well-educated workers can interact with physical capital inputs to innovate and add value to processes, products and services, ultimately creating a multiplier-effect on macroeconomic growth. It fills a significant gap in the existing literature by providing a detailed map of the relationship between microeconomic inputs such as health and education services and macroeconomic outputs such as growth. Grounded in economic theory and backed by economic analysis, Knowledge and Innovation for Competitiveness makes a compelling argument that human c.
This book opens a window into how two ambitious countries – India and Brazil – are seeking to become knowledge powers in the 21st century. As the knowledge economy became the preferred way of conceptualising the economy and its future direction, in the more economically-advanced countries, our search for understanding also followed the same direction. This generated a body of work that has neglected countries that, like India and Brazil, are attempting to make the leap into knowledge economies. Muzaka explores these motivations and the ways in which they have inspired a number of institutional reforms in India and Brazil. The author offers an investigation of the role the state in shaping the respective intellectual property systems pertaining to the pharmaceutical and agro-biotechnology sectors and the multiple social conflicts that have unfolded as a result.
This book is about changing social relationships. The authors focus on the question of what social relations make for successful science and technology policies. In particular, the various chapters illustrate what happens at different social interfaces, such as between policy makers and researchers, and between the users and producers of knowledge. In other words, they are interested in the knowledge networks that are emerging between the many different actors involved in the development of science and technology.
International Organizations and Higher Education Policy critically analyzes the impact influential organizations have at different levels of higher education policy development and implementation.
This book looks at Brazil's recent experience in using knowledge for development. It examines the major barriers confronting the country in its transition towards a knowledge-based economy, and presents elements of a viable strategy.
"Brazil is one of the world's most productive crucibles for new ideas and practices in innovation and collaboration. This meticulously researched book provides a sweeping tour of the issues arising form that leadership." Jonathan Zittrain - Professor, Harvard Law School "As policy makers around the world grapple with how to configure their intellectual property policies to promote innovation and economic growth, as well as public access to the fruits of intellectual labour, they would do themselves a huge favour by reading Lea Shaver's excellent book." Pam Samuelson, Professor Univeristy of California, Berkeley "This is essential reading for anyone who cares about one of the most important human rights issues of the century: access to knowledge." Madhavi Sunder, Professor of Law, University of California Davis This volume features four chapters addressing the current issues facing intellectual property, innovation and development policy in Brazil. Each chapter is authored by legal scholars affiliated to the Fundação Getulio Vargas law schools in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Each chapter examines a policy area that significantly impacts access to knowledge in Brazil. These include: exceptions and limitations to copyright, free software and open business models, patent reform and access to medicines, and open innovation in the biotechnology sector.
Inhaltsangabe:Zusammenfassung: Immer mehr junge Unternehmungen erobern Märkte, die vormals von etablierten Konzernen dominiert waren. Innovationen können verhindern, dass Konzerne langfristig von solchen Unternehmungen verdrängt werden. Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) stellt eine geeignete Form dar das Innovationsmanagement zu unterstützen. Obwohl es eng mit dem Venture Capital Finanzierungskonzept verwandt ist, stellt CVC eine für Unternehmen variierte Form Innovation zu schüren dar. Die Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich in einem empirischen Teil mit dem Einsatz dieses Instrumentes in einem Entwicklungsland, wo naturgemäß Innovationsaktivitäten weniger ausgeprägt sind. Deswegen stoßen Konzerne beim erfolgreichen Einsatz von CVC auf Hindernisse und Grenzen. Eine Analyse des Brasilianischen CVC Marktes und eine integrierte Fallstudie eines großen nationalen CVC Gebers offenbaren Unterschiede zu Industrieländern. Die gegenwärtige Forschung, welche meist auf Industrieländer beschränkt bleibt, stuft strategische CVC Aktivitäten als sehr sinnvoll sein. Die Analyse ergibt jedoch, dass finanzielle Zielsetzungen in Brasilien überwiegen. Unterschiedliche Markt und Regulierungsbedingungen, Kulturunterschiede, Schwachstellen im der Makroökonomischen Umwelt, im Anreizsystem sowie andere Herausforderungen, erfordern Anpassungen beim Einsatz von CVC, um mit erhöhten Risiken besser umzugehen, unabhängig in welcher Phase des CVC Prozesses. Nichtsdestotrotz erscheint CVC ein geeignetes Innovationsinstrument in Brasilien zu sein und besitzt noch Entwicklungspotential. Abstract: Corporations require innovation to maintain business, since small enterprises with new products can rapidly overtake slow established ones. Corporate venture capital seems attractive to generate radical innovation. While CVC is closely related to the financing concept of venture capital, corporations increasingly use corporate venture capital to foster innovation efforts. In developing countries, where innovation activities are scarce, corporations face many obstacles and barriers to deploy successfully corporate venture capital. An empirical study of Brazil's corporate venture capital market reveals business practices different from conventional concepts in industrialized countries. According to conventional knowledge, strategic corporate venture capital investments make most sense, but in practice financial objectives dominate in Brazil. Different market and regulatory conditions, [...]
This book examines knowledge and policy transfer from the perspectives of Brazil and China. It assesses how these two nations have emerged as providers of ideas and models that contribute to the global offer of public policies. With a variety of case studies in areas such as health, food security and infrastructure, the volume offers new insights into the distinct levels through which knowledge and policy transfers take place, including the local, regional, national and supranational. It develops a multidimensional framework of analysis that considers the agents, objects, and mechanisms for knowledge and policy transfer, as well as the structures and timings within which they operate. Unlike previous studies on policy transfer – which largely focus on North-North and North-South learning processes – this book offers an innovative approach to this area of study. By reflecting on the experiences of these two rising powers, it provides fresh insights on the future of knowledge and policy transfer as global power dynamics shift. This interdisciplinary study will appeal to students and scholars of policy transfer, development studies, international relations and public policy.
Brazil has a long tradition of public policies and efforts to eradicate hunger and poverty. The right to food is enshrined in Amendment No. 64/2010 of Brazil’s Constitution as an obligation of the State, and the country has a very progressive food security law that institutionalizes the policy and lays the foundations for broad-based social participation in priority setting, expressed in the National Council on Food and Nutrition Security (CONSEA). It was this wealth of experience (reflected in programmes and plans such as Zero Hunger, Bolsa Família and Brazil Without Extreme Poverty, applied nationwide from 2003 to 2013), together with other factors, that took the country off the Hunger Map in 2014. This report is designed to update the information and describe concrete Brazilian initiatives to facilitate South-South cooperation to a wider audience, including policymakers working to improve food security and fight poverty. In other words, it is a manual of good practice for public au thorities, technical personnel, NGOs and the general public in other Latin American, Caribbean and African countries