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Viable retrofit schemes are necessary to delay or offset replacement of deteriorating concrete bridge members. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) pultruded plates can be especially effective when retrofitting bridge members where stiffness, fatigue resistance, ease of installation, and weathering characteristics are a concern. The research reported in Chapter 1 was undertaken to examine the influence of fatigue loading, prior cracking, and patch materials on flexural performance of reinforced concrete members retrofitted with externally bonded CFRP plates. Moreover, experimental data from the six reinforced concrete beams tested as part of this research are expected to further evaluate available design equations for external retrofitting of reinforced concrete structures. The test results do not suggest a significant effect of fatigue loads; show that existing cracks do not significantly impact the strength of retrofitted members; and indicate that patch materials can reduce the available bond strength, and require additional surface preparation. The research reported in Chapter 2 presents a novel design approach utilizing externally bonded CFRP plates developed in an attempt to overcome construction errors in a member removed from an adjacent box girder bridge. The design methodology was evaluated based on data from testing of a retrofitted girder along with previous tests on as-is girders. Test data suggest appreciable improvements in terms of load carrying capacity and stiffness of the retrofitted girder. The relatively simple retrofit plan developed could have been used to delay replacement of the deficient girders. The research reported in Chapter 3 is aimed at filling some of the gaps in the available test data through retrofitting and testing of a 18.3 m (60 ft) prestressed box girder retrofitted with CFRP composite plates with mechanical anchors. Prior research on the use of CFRPs for retrofitting of existing structures has predominantly focused on mildly reinforced concrete members, and application to prestressed members is rather limited. Moreover, data regarding performance of mechanical anchors for enhancing bond characteristics of CFRP composites are scant. After a description of the design procedure, the test data are used to evaluate the design method, current design recommendations, and performance of mechanical anchors.
High strength fibre composites (FRPs) have been used with civil structures since the 1980s, mostly in the repair, strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structures. This has attracted considerable research, and the industry has expanded exponentially in the last decade. Design guidelines have been developed by professional organizations in a number of countries including USA, Japan, Europe and China, but until now designers have had no publication which provides practical guidance or accessible coverage of the fundamentals. This book fills this void. It deals with the fundamentals of composites, and basic design principles, and provides step-by-step guidelines for design. Its main theme is the repair and retrofit of un-reinforced, reinforced and prestressed concrete structures using carbon, glass and other high strength fibre composites. In the case of beams, the focus is on their strengthening for flexure and shear or their stiffening. The main interest with columns is the improvement of their ductility; and both strengthening and ductility improvement of un-reinforced structures are covered. Methods for evaluating the strengthened structures are presented. Step by step procedures are set out, including flow charts, for the various structural components, and design examples and practice problems are used to illustrate. As infrastructure ages worldwide, and its demolition and replacement becomes less of an option, the need for repair and retrofit of existing facilities will increase. Besides its audience of design professionals, this book suits graduate and advanced undergraduate students.
High strength fibre composites (FRPs) have been used with civil structures since the 1980s, mostly in the repair, strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structures. This has attracted considerable research, and the industry has expanded exponentially in the last decade. Design guidelines have been developed by professional organizations in a nu
Prepared by the Emerging Materials Committee of the Materials Division of ASCE. This report presents a review of the state of the art on emerging materials for use in civil engineering infrastructure. Emerging materials include novel and new materials, as well as traditional materials with profound potential in new applications. A material or class of materials is considered "emerging" if its use has not yet progressed to a stage wherein well-established guidelines, codes, and specifications exist for its use. This report is conveniently divided into chapters that address specific classes of materials andØhighlight the most recent developments in materials technologies relevant to civil infrastructure.Ø Topics include: smart materials for civil engineering applications; fiber reinforced composites in civil infrastructure; emerging geomaterials for ground improvement; aluminum materials and the infrastructure; polymer concrete made with recycled plastics; state of the practice in asphalt technology; emerging uses for masonry materials; and emerging uses for window glass. The practicing engineer, student, or general reader will find this to be an easy-to-use reference for construction material systems that are being developed for use in civil engineering.
The range of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) applications in new construction, and in the retrofitting of existing civil engineering infrastructure, is continuing to grow worldwide. Furthermore, this progress is being matched by advancing research into all aspects of analysis and design. The Second International Conference on FRP Composites in
Fibre reinforced polymer-based composites are set to meet the demand for improvements in construction processes. FRP materials are suitable for use in piping, walls and columns. This volume explores their structural application in construction.
Fiber reinforced polymer composites are an increasingly popular material that can be used for bridge girder retrofit/repair. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to develop methods and design guidelines for repair and retrofit of bridge girders suffering (1) shear strength deficiencies related to end cracking and (2) flexural strength deficiencies related to vehicular collision. Scaled test specimens were fabricated and subjected to cyclic loading in order to instigate damage similar to that caused by end cracking and vehicular collision. Subsequently, the damaged specimens were repaired with external post-tensioned carbon fiber rods and re-tested to failure. This report presents the data from the tests and design guidelines for the use of external post-tensioned carbon fiber rods for repair applications.
This volume contains the papers presented at IALCCE2016, the fifth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE2016), to be held in Delft, The Netherlands, October 16-19, 2016. It consists of a book of extended abstracts and a DVD with full papers including the Fazlur R. Khan lecture, keynote lectures, and technical papers from all over the world. All major aspects of life-cycle engineering are addressed, with special focus on structural damage processes, life-cycle design, inspection, monitoring, assessment, maintenance and rehabilitation, life-cycle cost of structures and infrastructures, life-cycle performance of special structures, and life-cycle oriented computational tools. The aim of the editors is to provide a valuable source for anyone interested in life-cycle of civil infrastructure systems, including students, researchers and practitioners from all areas of engineering and industry.
This guide to good practice focuses on the techniques for the repair and strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures - covering the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of repair and strengthening projects.