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A Brookings Institution Press and American Enterprise Institute publication A few years ago, Americans held out their systems of corporate governance and financial disclosure as models to be emulated by the rest of the world. But in late 2001 U.S. policymakers and corporate leaders found themselves facing the largest corporate accounting scandals in American history. The spectacular collapses of Enron and Worldcom—as well as the discovery of accounting irregularities at other large U.S. companies—seemed to call into question the efficacy of the entire system of corporate governance in the United States. In response, Congress quickly enacted a comprehensive package of reform measures in what has come to be known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ followed by making fundamental changes to their listing requirements. The private sector acted as well. Accounting firms—watching in horror as one of their largest, Arthur Andersen, collapsed after a criminal conviction for document shredding—tightened their auditing procedures. Stock analysts and ratings agencies, hit hard by a series of disclosures about their failings, changed their practices as well. Will these reforms be enough? Are some counterproductive? Are other shortcomings in the disclosure system still in need of correction? These are among the questions that George Benston, Michael Bromwich, Robert E. Litan, and Alfred Wagenhofer address in Following the Money. While the authors agree that the U.S. system of corporate disclosure and governance is in need of change, they are concerned that policymakers may be overreacting in some areas and taking actions in others that may prove to be ineffective or even counterproductive. Using the Enron case as a point of departure, the authors argue that the major problem lies not in the accounting and auditing standards themselves, but in the system of enforcing those standards.
The scope of service provided by professional accountants is influenced by legislation and case law as well as the dictates of a variety of government and private sector agencies: including State Boards of Accountancy, Academic Accreditation Bodies, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, independent standard setting bodies such as the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (US), the Financial Accounting Standards Board (US), the International Accounting Standards Board and self-regulatory organizations such as State Societies of CPA and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. There are equivalent and emerging local international bodies that exist in most developed countries. It is important for academics, students, practitioners, regulators and researchers to consider, study and understand the role and relationship of such bodies with the practice and content of our discipline.Research in Accounting Regulation is a refereed annual serial that seeks to publish high quality manuscripts, which address regulatory issues and policy affecting the practice of accountancy, broadly defined. Topics of interest include research based on: 1) Self-regulatory activities. 2) Case law and litigation. 3) Governmental and quasi-governmental regulation. 4) The economics of regulation, including modelling.This research series aims to encourage the submission of original empirical, behavioural or applied research manuscripts that consider strategic and policy implications for regulation, regulatory models and markets. It is intended for individual researchers, practitioners, regulators and students of accountancy who desire to increase their understanding of the regulation of accountancy.
You may not believe that there’s a fun and easy way to comply with Sarbanes –Oxley, but once you have Sarbanes-Oxley For Dummies, Second Edition in front of you, you’re sure to change your mind. This friendly guide gets you quickly up to speed with the latest SOX legislation and shows you safe and effective ways to reduce compliance costs. In plain English, this completely reliable handbook walks you through the new and revised SOX laws, introduces compliance strategies for changed and unchanged guidelines, and gives you an effective framework for implementation You’ll find out how to create an efficient audit committee, purchase and use SOX software solutions, and make practical, cost-effective decisions in your initial compliance year and beyond. You’ll also find proven strategies for staying public or going private and learn how to deal with all those SOX forms. Discover how to: Establish SOX standards for IT professionals Minimize compliance costs in every area of your company Survive a section 404 audit Avoid litigation under SOX Anticipate future rules and trends Create a post-SOX paper trail Bolster your company’s standing and reputation Work with SOX in a small business Meet new SOX standards Build a board that can’t be bought Comply with all SOX management mandates Complete with invaluable tips on how to form an effective audit committee, Sarbanes-Oxley For Dummies is the resource you need to keep your SOX clean.
Audits provide essential accountability and transparency over government programs. Given the current challenges facing governments and their programs, the oversight provided through auditing is more critical than ever. Government auditing provides the objective analysis and information needed to make the decisions necessary to help create a better future. The professional standards presented in this 2018 revision of Government Auditing Standards (known as the Yellow Book) provide a framework for performing high-quality audit work with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence to provide accountability and to help improve government operations and services. These standards, commonly referred to as generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS), provide the foundation for government auditors to lead by example in the areas of independence, transparency, accountability, and quality through the audit process. This revision contains major changes from, and supersedes, the 2011 revision.
Dramatic changes in U.S. law have increased the need to understand the complex regulation of todayand’s global capital and derivatives markets. U.S. Regulation of the International Securities and Derivatives Markets is the first truly comprehensive guide in this dynamic regulatory arena. This completely updated Eleventh Edition was authored by a team of attorneys at Cleary Gottlieb Steen and& Hamilton LLP, one of the foremost law firms in international finance. U.S. Regulation of the International Securities and Derivatives Markets provides thoroughly up-to-date coverage of the SEC Securities Offering Reform rules, the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on public companies in the United States, and much more. Advising clients on cross-border securities transactions means dealing with a tangle of complex rules and requirements. This comprehensive reference explains in detail virtually everything your clients might want to know, including: The U.S. securities and commodities laws pertaining to foreign participants and financial products entering U.S. capital markets, and U.S. securities in international markets, including a comprehensive discussion of the requirements imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulatory framework established by the Dodd-Frank Act. The rules and regulations affecting each participant, including foreign banks, broker-dealers, investment companies and advisers, futures commission merchants, commodity pool operators, commodity trading advisors, and others The rules and requirements behind different cross-border transactions, including private placements and Rule 144A, ADR programs, the U.S./Canadian MJDS, global offerings, and more The principal European Union measures governing securities offerings and ongoing reporting in the European Union Many additional regulatory issues, including enforcement and remedies, recent case interpretations, FINRA and other SRO rules, and much more U.S. Regulation of the International Securities and Derivatives Markets, Eleventh Edition is by far the most comprehensive reference of its kind. This is the only desk reference covering all U.S. laws and regulations affecting international securities offerings and foreign participants in U.S. capital markets. It explains dozens of topics that simply cannot be found in any other published sourceand—saving you valuable research time, youand’ll have all the detailed information you need to guide clients through this dramatic new financial era.
This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?