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The book is composed of a series of case studies. The countries included reflect the interest and experience of the authors who collaborated in preparing the volume. No attempt was made to provide representative coverage based upon a comprehensive classiftcation of countries, which is why there are no chapters dealing with such exporters as Argentina or Thailand or importers such as Egypt or Japan. Despite the somewhat eclectic geographical mix, many of the fundamental issues that face the North and the South, both individually and collectively, are illustrated by the case countries. We would argue that there is much to be learned about the effective implementation of policy choices and the constraints that policymakers face by looking at individual country experiences, rather than by attempting to generalize on the basis of an abstract theoretical framework There is a dearth of information on what countries actually do in managing domestic grain markets.
"During the 1980s, conflicts surrounding the international grain trade intensified as the value of the dollar rose and the European Community employed export subsidies to penetrate traditional U.S. markets. Ronald T. Libby shows that the U.S. government, armed with the Export Enhancement Program (EEP) of 1985, waged an effective subsidy battle with Europe during the Reagan and Bush administrations. American agricultural policy is, he argues, profoundly mercantilist in its orientation and strongly at odds with the rhetoric of liberal economic policy expressed by both presidents." "Libby reconstructs the history of the EEP from its formation through the European response and the events of the latter 1980s. By subsidizing the export of surplus U.S. grain, the EEP eventually helped raise to intolerable levels the political costs of Europe's agricultural policies, and it became a major U.S. bargaining lever in the Uruguay round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade negotiations. Analyzing the EEP with reference to its political utility, Libby counters the prevailing assessment of mercantilist policies as retrograde and counterproductive. He seeks to demonstrate that the EEP did not endanger global free trade and that it succeeded in contributing to restoring U.S. dominance of the grain market. In addition, Libby presents for the first time a comparative data base on agricultural subsidies that illuminates their pervasiveness in international trade." "Protecting Markets includes the most comprehensive available discussion of the political life of the Uruguay round and challenges fundamental assumptions about the politics of trade. It will raise the level of debate among political scientists and others concerned with U.S. politics, trade and agricultural policies, and transatlantic relations."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Meet the challenges facing the U.S. agricultural market within the global arena! Economists, agricultural scientists, farm leaders, and trade specialists will find the information they need to determine the importance of specific crops and livestock products in international markets in Competition in Agriculture. Analyzing costs, quality, and policy impacts on such products as beef, dairy, pork, poultry, corn, cotton, fruits, peanuts, rice, soybeans, vegetables, and wheat, Competition in Agriculture provides you with an understanding of international markets to help you design strategies that will increase competitiveness and prevent losses. Complete with research findings, tables, graphs, and studies of domestic and foreign economic and trade policies, this book will help you improve your export capabilities and streamline trade costs in order to maximize market presence. This comprehensive book provides you with information from economic analyses that will help you determine the capability of important agricultural commodities to prosper in the growing international market. Competition in Agriculture offers you in-depth information that will assist you in enhancing and improving your status in the global marketplace. This valuable book: discusses the three aspects of competitiveness--economic policies, geography, and history--to help you understand the factors that influence competitive positioning of agricultural products defines competitiveness and examines factors that influence competitiveness, such as advances in technology; input costs; production economies; production quality and enterprise differentiation; promotion; and external factors, such as government policies and macroeconomic variables analyzes the dramatic effects the North American Free Trade Agreement has had on the U.S. and the world market examines how biotechnology affects the quality and quantity of crops and the implications this has on the world market investigates changing market trends that are influenced by new technologies, alternative methods of expanding trade, new economic and agricultural policies of the United States and other countries, and new or modified trade agreements, among others Offering effective approaches for measuring and understanding competitiveness, this knowledgeable reference gives you strategies for maximizing the potential of major crop and livestock products. Competition in Agriculture will help you meet the challenges facing the U.S. agricultural market within the global arena in order to improve the quality of food and maintain and increase export revenues in the United States.
The major grain producing nations are moving toward the reduction of domestic and export subsidies to agriculture. The grain importing nations are reducing import barriers. As world markets evolve, grain will tend to be produced in areas that have a comparative advantage in grain production. Over time, production will shift to least-cost areas. Moving toward market orientation during the 1980's, the United States sharply modified its grain policy so that nonrecourse loans are no longer used as price enhancement devices. The loan rates are established at a percentage below the moving average price and now provide a safety net for prices when aggregate output is much larger than normal in relation to demand. This change tends to remove the United States from its long-term role as residual supplier to the world markets. U.S. grains are more likely to be priced competitively, and stocks are unlikely to accumulate in government storage.