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Stucky (criminal justice, Indiana-Purdue U. at Indianapolis) analyzes the relationship between politics, crime, and police employment, expenditures, and arrests. Using political resource theory, he examines how resources are managed and provides an institutional resource perspective about crime and politics, while discussing social disorganization,
Three weeks after Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a New York City police officer shot and killed a fifteen-year-old black youth, inciting the first of almost a decade of black and Latino riots throughout the United States. In October 2005, French police chased three black and Arab teenagers into an electrical substation outside Paris, culminating in the fatal electrocution of two of them. Fires blazed in Parisian suburbs and housing projects throughout France for three consecutive weeks. Cathy Lisa Schneider explores the political, legal, and economic conditions that led to violent confrontations in neighborhoods on opposite sides of the Atlantic half a century apart. Police Power and Race Riots traces the history of urban upheaval in New York and greater Paris, focusing on the interaction between police and minority youth. Schneider shows that riots erupted when elites activated racial boundaries, police engaged in racialized violence, and racial minorities lacked alternative avenues of redress. She also demonstrates how local activists who cut their teeth on the American race riots painstakingly constructed social movement organizations with standard nonviolent repertoires for dealing with police violence. These efforts, along with the opening of access to courts of law for ethnic and racial minorities, have made riots a far less common response to police violence in the United States today. Rich in historical and ethnographic detail, Police Power and Race Riots offers a compelling account of the processes that fan the flames of urban unrest and the dynamics that subsequently quell the fires.
Cites successful examples of community-based policing.
Across the U.S., there was an explosion of severity in nearly every form of governmental response to crime from the 1970s through the 2000s. This book examines the typically ignored forms punishment in America beyond incarceration and capital punishment to include probation and parole supervision rates-and revocation rates, an ever-growing list of economic penalties imposed on offenders, and a web of collateral consequences of conviction unimaginable just decades ago. Across these domains, American punitiveness exceeds that in other developed democracies-where measurable, by factors of five-to-ten. In some respects, such as rates of incarceration and (perhaps) correctional supervision, the U.S. is the world "leader." Looking to Europe and other English-speaking countries, the book's contributors shed new light on America's outlier status, and examine its causes. One causal theory examined in detail is that the U.S. has been exceptional not just in penal severity since the 1970s, but also in its high rates of high rates of homicide and other serious violent crimes. With leading researchers from many fields and national perspectives, American Exceptionalism in Crime and Punishment shows that the largest problems of crime and justice cannot be brought into focus from the vantage point of any one jurisdiction. Looking cross-nationally, the book addresses what it would take for America to rejoin the mainstream of the Western world in its uses of criminal penalties.
A diverse, critical analysis of racial and ethnic disparities within the American criminal justice system that encourages critical thinking by providing various sides to the issues. Low-income African Americans, Latin Americans, and American Indians bear the statistical brunt of policing, death penalty verdicts, and sentencing disparities in the United States. Why does this long-standing inequity exist in a country where schoolchildren are taught to expect "justice for all"? The original essays in this two-volume set not only examine the deep-rooted issues and lay out theories as to why racism remains a problem in our prison system, but they also provide potential solutions to the problem. The work gives a broad, multicultural overview of the history of overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in our prison system, examining white/black disparities as well as racism and issues of ethnic-based discrimination concerning other ethnic minorities. This up-to-date resource is ideally suited for undergraduate students who are enrolled in criminal justice or racial/ethnic studies classes and general readers interested in the U.S. criminal justice system.
Basic Concepts in Criminology is an introduction to criminology. It is intended to serve as resource material for prospective students of criminology and particularly for law enforcement officers in training and in the field. Criminology as a social science discipline is structured from a combination of concepts of sociology, psychology, and lawall relevant subjects to the law enforcement profession. Remarkably, criminology is not very popular as a stand-alone subject among disciplines of choice for undergraduate students or even for those going in for graduate studies. Instead, what we notice in most universities curricula are related disciplines, like criminal justice, criminal investigation, crime scene investigation, forensic, law enforcement, and so forth. Material contained in this book will be particularly useful to law enforcement officers; the Police, Corrections, and Security officers. In this book, I have attempted to approach and make this subject much easier and interesting to prospective students of Criminology in general and to law enforcement officers in particular, to whom knowledge of this subject is an important professional asset. I hope it will stir and arouse their interest and that of prospective students of Criminology in general.
How criminal justice policies are creating a nation divided by race, class, and morality.
Researchers have long noted that rates of reported crime and punishment are higher for some ethnic and racial groups in the U.S. than for others. Comparatively high rates of crime have been reported for white ethnic Americans during the past and some groups of racial minorities today. These observations have prompted much public debate and acrimony, but surprisingly little research. Contributors include Thomas A. Regulus; Joan McCord; M. Craig Brown and Barbara D. Warner; Eric Monkkonen; E. M. Beck and Stewart E. Tolnay; Martha A. Myers; Gary LaFree; Robert D. Crutchfield; Dorothy Lockwood, Anne E. Pottieger, and James A. Inciardi; William Chambliss; Coramae Richey Mann; Theodore G. Chiricos and Charles Crawford; Zoann Snyder Joy; Roland Chilton, Raymond Teske, and Harald Arnold; Pamela Irving Jackson; and Darnell F. Hawkins
Crooked politicians, gangsters, madams, and cops on the take: To Serve and Collect tells the story of Chicago during its formative years through the history of its legendary police department.
Using data from 42 sizable American cities on their environments and police organizational structures, the book documents the importance of organizational structure on police action by predicting arrest rates for 2 types of serious criminal offenses. It applies this research perspective to neighborhoods in analyses of policing styles in three cities: Elyria, Ohio; Columbia, S.C.; and Newark, N.J. The study examines the kinds of data on police action available from a police dispatch log, as well as particular information recording processes used in the three sites. Two key indicators of police style are the rate of police aggressiveness and the degree to which local police work is legalistic, watchmanlike, or service-oriented. These measures are used to analyze variations in policing styles across both neighborhoods and cities, providing support to the theory that organization rather than environment determines local policing styles. This view receives additional support from indepth analyses of social, demographic, and economic characteristics of the three sites. Tables, references, and index.