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The eye is the most easily accessible site for topical administration of a medication. Drugs are commonly applied to the eye for localised action on the surface or in the interior of the eye. A major problem in ocular therapeutics is the attainment of an optimal drug concentration at the site of action. Poor bioavailability of drugs from ocular dosage forms is mainly due to the precorneal loss factors which include tear dynamics, non-productive absorption, transient residence time in the cul-de-sac, and the relative impermeability of the corneal epithelial membrane. Due to these physiological and anatomical constraints only a small fraction of the drug, effectively 1% or even less of the instilled dose is ocularly absorbed. The effective dose of medication administered ophthalmically may be altered by increasing the retention time of medication in contact with the surface of the eye. To date, Pharmaceutical Technologists have tried to develop different novel formulations like gel, ocular inserts, collagen shields, implants, liposomes, nanoparticles, penetration enhancers and in-situ gelling systems, in order to increase the bioavailability and duration of the therapeutic action of ocular drugs and polymers plays an important role in all these approaches. This book provides detailed information regarding all such polymers which have been used and shown to be excellent in improving the bioavailability of ocular drugs.
Applications of Polymers in Drug Delivery, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive resource for anyone looking to understand how polymeric materials can be applied to current, new, and emerging drug delivery applications. Polymers play a crucial role in modulating drug delivery and have been fundamental in the successful development of many novel drug delivery systems. This book describes the development of polymeric systems, ranging from conventional dosage forms to the most recent smart systems. Regulatory and intellectual property aspects as well as the clinical applicability of polymeric drug delivery systems are also discussed. The chapters are organized by specific delivery route, offering methodical and detailed coverage throughout. This second edition has been thoroughly revised to include the latest developments in the field. This is an essential book for researchers, scientists, and advanced students, in polymer science, drug delivery, pharmacology/pharmaceuticals, materials science, tissue engineering, nanomedicine, chemistry, and biology. In industry, this book supports scientists, R&D, and other professionals, working on polymers for drug delivery applications. Explains how polymers can be prepared and utilized for all major drug delivery routes Presents the latest advances, including drug targeting, polymeric micelles and polymersomes, and the delivery of biologicals and nucleic acid therapeutics Includes appendices with in-depth information on pharmaceutical properties of polymers and regulatory aspects
Pulmonary drug delivery has been a rapidly expanding field, moving from the traditional propellant based metered dose inhaler delivery of small asthma drugs, to a broader landscape of new devices and novel drugs for local and systemic delivery. The field has greatly expanded yet the tools for pulmonary drug delivery systems have not kept pace with the potential applications. One of the key developments has been the use of polymers to achieve better control of pulmonary drug delivery. This has the potential to expand the toolbox available for researchers in the field to deliver their new chemical entities successfully to the lung. This book reviews the use of polymers in pulmonary drug delivery, encompassing polymers from their use in devices and packaging, in addition to their use as excipients in formulations delivered to the airways. The book is arranged by application and extensively reviews the technical and patent literature. This is the first volume totally dedicated to polymers in pulmonary drug delivery and should be the resource of choice for those in the field, especially managers in the pharma/biotech industry. Naturally, the text will be of great interest to academics and graduate students. Finally, regulatory affiliated scientists will also find this resource invaluable.
The preferred route for drug delivery remains the oral route, but oral drug delivery has now developed beyond traditional dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. Nowadays it is possible to use polymers to allow drugs to be targeted to specific sites in the gastrointestinal tract, and to extend the drug release profile. In addition, polymers can be engineered to allow oral delivery of such complex molecules as proteins, peptides, and even genes. This book gives a comprehensive summary of oral drug delivery systems, both conventional and novel, and the ways in which polymers have been adapted for these systems. Particular attention is devoted to gastrointestinal physiology and the physio-chemical properties of polymers in order to understand the factors affecting their performance in practice. This update will interest everyone involved in the pharmaceutical world, whether in academia or in industry. It will be of particular value to those responsible for designing new oral drug delivery systems involving polymers. It will provide a useful reference text both for researchers and manufacturers, and will also be a helpful introduction for students of all levels to the application of polymers in pharmacy.
This book summarizes the recent advancements for drug delivery systems (DDS) in terms of fundamental principles, rapidly emerging techniques and developing frontiers of molecular imprinting. Especially with the combination of enantioselective molecularly imprinted polymers and water compatible molecularly imprinted polymers, stimuli responsive imprinted DDS have been innovated and applied to dermal delivery, ophthalmic drugs and cancer treatment. This philosophy comprehensively revolutionizes the treatment strategy of human healthcare and provides the possibility to re-trigger in vivo an exhaust system after the complete release of the starting drug cargo, thus enabling precision medicine. To this end, the following unique features will be discussed and concluded: 1) State-of-the-art definition of MIP as drug delivery systems. 2) Advanced techniques and clinical applications of MIP as drug delivery systems in the past decade. 3) Novel frontiers and brand-new technologies, for example, drug delivery devices for zero-order sustained release and stimuli responsive imprinted DDS. 4) Revolutionary impact on dermal delivery, ophthalmic drugs and cancer treatment. 5) Future challenges and perspectives
Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery covers the fundamental principles, advanced methodologies and technologies employed by pharmaceutical scientists, researchers and pharmaceutical industries to transform a drug candidate or new chemical entity into a final administrable drug delivery system. The book also covers various approaches involved in optimizing the therapeutic performance of a biomolecule while designing its appropriate advanced formulation. Provides up-to-date information on translating the physicochemical properties of drugs into drug delivery systems Explores how drugs are administered via various routes, such as orally, parenterally, transdermally or through inhalation Contains extensive references and further reading for course and self-study
Polymers have played a critical role in the rational design and application of drug delivery systems that increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of new and conventional therapeutics. Beginning with an introduction to the fundamentals of drug delivery, Engineering Polymer Systems for Improved Drug Delivery explores traditional drug delivery techniques as well as emerging advanced drug delivery techniques. By reviewing many types of polymeric drug delivery systems, and including key points, worked examples and homework problems, this book will serve as a guide to for specialists and non-specialists as well as a graduate level text for drug delivery courses.
This consolidated reference book addresses the various aspects of nano biomaterials used in ophthalmic drug delivery, including their characterization, interactions with ophthalmic system and applications in treatments of the ophthalmic diseases and disorders. In the last decade, a significant growth in polymer sciences, nanotechnology and biotechnology has resulted in the development of new nano- and bioengineered nano-bio-materials. These are extensively explored as drug delivery carriers as well as for implantable devices and scaffolds. At the interface between nanomaterials and biological systems, the organic and synthetic worlds merge into a new science concerned with the safe use of nanotechnology and nano material design for biological applications. For this field to evolve, there is a need to understand the dynamic forces and molecular components that shape these interactions. While it is impossible to describe with certainty all the bio physicochemical interactions at play at the interface, we are at a point where the pockets of assembled knowledge are providing a conceptual framework to guide this exploration, and review the impact on future product development. The book is intended as a valuable resource for academics and pharmaceutical scientists working in the field of polymers, polymers materials for drug delivery, drug delivery systems and ophthalmic drug delivery systems, in addition to medical and health care professionals in these areas.