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This book explores public key cryptographic systems, first investigating the question of cryptographic security of bits in the RSA encryption and then constructing a new knapsack type public key cryptosystem, based on arithmetic in finite fields. In Part I, two problems involving the RSA encryption of a message are proved to be equivalent. This equivalence implies that an adversary, given the ciphertext, can't do better than guessing unless s/he can break the RSA code. The results generated by the author's proof indicate that Rabin/RSA encryption can be directly used for pseudo random bit generation. A new knapsack type public key cryptosystem is introduced in Part II, along with a detailed description of its implementation. The system is based on a novel application of arithmetic in finite fields, following a construction by Bose and Chowla. By choosing appropriate parameters, the density of the resulting knapsack can be controlled. In particular, the density can be made high enough to foil low-density attacks against this new system. At present there are no known attacks capable of breaking the system in a reasonable amount of time. Ben-Zion Chor received his doctorate from MIT where he is currently a Post Doctoral Fellow in the Computer Science Laboratory. Two Issues in Public Key Cryptography: RSA Bit Security and a New Knapsack Type Systemis a 1985 ACM Distinguished Dissertation.
This advanced graduate textbook gives an authoritative and insightful description of the major ideas and techniques of public key cryptography.
API Security in Action teaches you how to create secure APIs for any situation. By following this hands-on guide you’ll build a social network API while mastering techniques for flexible multi-user security, cloud key management, and lightweight cryptography. Summary A web API is an efficient way to communicate with an application or service. However, this convenience opens your systems to new security risks. API Security in Action gives you the skills to build strong, safe APIs you can confidently expose to the world. Inside, you’ll learn to construct secure and scalable REST APIs, deliver machine-to-machine interaction in a microservices architecture, and provide protection in resource-constrained IoT (Internet of Things) environments. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the technology APIs control data sharing in every service, server, data store, and web client. Modern data-centric designs—including microservices and cloud-native applications—demand a comprehensive, multi-layered approach to security for both private and public-facing APIs. About the book API Security in Action teaches you how to create secure APIs for any situation. By following this hands-on guide you’ll build a social network API while mastering techniques for flexible multi-user security, cloud key management, and lightweight cryptography. When you’re done, you’ll be able to create APIs that stand up to complex threat models and hostile environments. What's inside Authentication Authorization Audit logging Rate limiting Encryption About the reader For developers with experience building RESTful APIs. Examples are in Java. About the author Neil Madden has in-depth knowledge of applied cryptography, application security, and current API security technologies. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science. Table of Contents PART 1 - FOUNDATIONS 1 What is API security? 2 Secure API development 3 Securing the Natter API PART 2 - TOKEN-BASED AUTHENTICATION 4 Session cookie authentication 5 Modern token-based authentication 6 Self-contained tokens and JWTs PART 3 - AUTHORIZATION 7 OAuth2 and OpenID Connect 8 Identity-based access control 9 Capability-based security and macaroons PART 4 - MICROSERVICE APIs IN KUBERNETES 10 Microservice APIs in Kubernetes 11 Securing service-to-service APIs PART 5 - APIs FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS 12 Securing IoT communications 13 Securing IoT APIs
Public-key Cryptography provides a comprehensive coverage of the mathematical tools required for understanding the techniques of public-key cryptography and cryptanalysis. Key topics covered in the book include common cryptographic primitives and symmetric techniques, quantum cryptography, complexity theory, and practical cryptanalytic techniques such as side-channel attacks and backdoor attacks.Organized into eight chapters and supplemented with four appendices, this book is designed to be a self-sufficient resource for all students, teachers and researchers interested in the field of cryptography.
If you've ever made a secure purchase with your credit card over the Internet, then you have seen cryptography, or "crypto", in action. From Stephen Levy—the author who made "hackers" a household word—comes this account of a revolution that is already affecting every citizen in the twenty-first century. Crypto tells the inside story of how a group of "crypto rebels"—nerds and visionaries turned freedom fighters—teamed up with corporate interests to beat Big Brother and ensure our privacy on the Internet. Levy's history of one of the most controversial and important topics of the digital age reads like the best futuristic fiction.
Learn how to program in Python while making and breaking ciphers—algorithms used to create and send secret messages! After a crash course in Python programming basics, you’ll learn to make, test, and hack programs that encrypt text with classical ciphers like the transposition cipher and Vigenère cipher. You’ll begin with simple programs for the reverse and Caesar ciphers and then work your way up to public key cryptography, the type of encryption used to secure today’s online transactions, including digital signatures, email, and Bitcoin. Each program includes the full code and a line-by-line explanation of how things work. By the end of the book, you’ll have learned how to code in Python and you’ll have the clever programs to prove it! You’ll also learn how to: - Combine loops, variables, and flow control statements into real working programs - Use dictionary files to instantly detect whether decrypted messages are valid English or gibberish - Create test programs to make sure that your code encrypts and decrypts correctly - Code (and hack!) a working example of the affine cipher, which uses modular arithmetic to encrypt a message - Break ciphers with techniques such as brute-force and frequency analysis There’s no better way to learn to code than to play with real programs. Cracking Codes with Python makes the learning fun!
Cryptography, secret writing, is probably as old as writing itself. But only recently has it become the object of extensive scientific studies. Vast new applications to data security are one explanation for this. Perhaps a more important reason for the huge growth of scientific research on cryptography is the seminal idea of public-key cryptography and the resulting new vistas on the possibilities of communication. This book gives a broad overview of public-key cryptography, covering its essence and advantages, various public-key cryptosystems and protocols. It also gives a comprehensive introduction to classical cryptography and cryptanalysis. The book is self-contained and suitable both as a text and as a reference. It starts from the beginning but also includes some 1989 developments. The presentation is in many ways new, with some new results. The treatment is rigorous but avoids unnecessary formalism. The plaintext examples in the book form a package of basic sauna knowledge.
"A staggeringly comprehensive review of the state of modern cryptography. Essential for anyone getting up to speed in information security." - Thomas Doylend, Green Rocket Security An all-practical guide to the cryptography behind common tools and protocols that will help you make excellent security choices for your systems and applications. In Real-World Cryptography, you will find: Best practices for using cryptography Diagrams and explanations of cryptographic algorithms Implementing digital signatures and zero-knowledge proofs Specialized hardware for attacks and highly adversarial environments Identifying and fixing bad practices Choosing the right cryptographic tool for any problem Real-World Cryptography reveals the cryptographic techniques that drive the security of web APIs, registering and logging in users, and even the blockchain. You’ll learn how these techniques power modern security, and how to apply them to your own projects. Alongside modern methods, the book also anticipates the future of cryptography, diving into emerging and cutting-edge advances such as cryptocurrencies, and post-quantum cryptography. All techniques are fully illustrated with diagrams and examples so you can easily see how to put them into practice. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the technology Cryptography is the essential foundation of IT security. To stay ahead of the bad actors attacking your systems, you need to understand the tools, frameworks, and protocols that protect your networks and applications. This book introduces authentication, encryption, signatures, secret-keeping, and other cryptography concepts in plain language and beautiful illustrations. About the book Real-World Cryptography teaches practical techniques for day-to-day work as a developer, sysadmin, or security practitioner. There’s no complex math or jargon: Modern cryptography methods are explored through clever graphics and real-world use cases. You’ll learn building blocks like hash functions and signatures; cryptographic protocols like HTTPS and secure messaging; and cutting-edge advances like post-quantum cryptography and cryptocurrencies. This book is a joy to read—and it might just save your bacon the next time you’re targeted by an adversary after your data. What's inside Implementing digital signatures and zero-knowledge proofs Specialized hardware for attacks and highly adversarial environments Identifying and fixing bad practices Choosing the right cryptographic tool for any problem About the reader For cryptography beginners with no previous experience in the field. About the author David Wong is a cryptography engineer. He is an active contributor to internet standards including Transport Layer Security. Table of Contents PART 1 PRIMITIVES: THE INGREDIENTS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY 1 Introduction 2 Hash functions 3 Message authentication codes 4 Authenticated encryption 5 Key exchanges 6 Asymmetric encryption and hybrid encryption 7 Signatures and zero-knowledge proofs 8 Randomness and secrets PART 2 PROTOCOLS: THE RECIPES OF CRYPTOGRAPHY 9 Secure transport 10 End-to-end encryption 11 User authentication 12 Crypto as in cryptocurrency? 13 Hardware cryptography 14 Post-quantum cryptography 15 Is this it? Next-generation cryptography 16 When and where cryptography fails
Crypto '91 was the eleventh in a series of workshops on cryptology sponsoredby the International Association for Cryptologic Research and was held in Santa Barbara, California, in August 1991. This volume contains a full paper or an extended abstract for each of the 39 talks presented at the workshop. All theoretical and practical aspects of cryptology are represented, including: protocol design and analysis, combinatorics and authentication, secret sharing and information theory, cryptanalysis, complexity theory, cryptographic schemas based on number theory, pseudorandomness, applications and implementations, viruses, public-key cryptosystems, and digital signatures.