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After a brief introduction to the fundamental properties of graphene, this book focuses on synthesis, characterization and application of various types of two-dimensional (2D) nanocarbons ranging from single/few layer graphene to carbon nanowalls and graphene oxides. Three major synthesis techniques are covered: epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC, chemical synthesis of graphene on metal, and chemical vapor deposition of vertically aligned carbon nanosheets or nanowalls. One chapter is dedicated to characterization of 2D nanocarbon using Raman spectroscopy. It provides extensive coverage for applications of 2D carbon in energy storage including supercapacitor, lithium ion battery and fuel cells.
An important introduction to graphene, its physics and potentially significant applications, for graduate students, physicists and materials science researchers.
After a brief introduction to the fundamental properties of graphene, this book focuses on synthesis, characterization and application of various types of two-dimensional (2D) nanocarbons ranging from single/few layer graphene to carbon nanowalls and graphene oxides. Three major synthesis techniques are covered: epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC, chemical synthesis of graphene on metal, and chemical vapor deposition of vertically aligned carbon nanosheets or nanowalls. One chapter is dedicated to characterization of 2D nanocarbon using Raman spectroscopy. It provides extensive coverage for applications of 2D carbon in energy storage including supercapacitor, lithium ion battery and fuel cells.
Graphene is the thinnest known material, a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal cells a single atom thick, and yet stronger than diamond. It has potentially significant applications in nanotechnology, 'beyond-silicon' electronics, solid-state realization of high-energy phenomena and as a prototype membrane which could revolutionise soft matter and 2D physics. In this book, leading graphene research theorist Mikhail Katsnelson presents the basic concepts of graphene physics. Topics covered include Berry phase, topologically protected zero modes, Klein tunneling, vacuum reconstruction near supercritical charges, and deformation-induced gauge fields. The book also introduces the theory of flexible membranes relevant to graphene physics and discusses electronic transport, optical properties, magnetism and spintronics. Standard undergraduate-level knowledge of quantum and statistical physics and solid state theory is assumed. This is an important textbook for graduate students in nanoscience and nanotechnology and an excellent introduction for physicists and materials science researchers working in related areas.
With the emerging need for advanced sensing and imaging capabilities in personalized healthcare, there has been motivation to develop new classes of nanomaterials; with performance vastly superior to existing technologies. In this work, we explore the one- and two-dimensional forms of carbon nanomaterials, namely, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and graphene derivatives (graphene oxide, or GO), for their remarkable potential in biomedical imaging and sensing. This thesis presents three functional applications, along with the necessary processing at the interface of nanotechnology and biomaterials required to achieve the desired set of properties enabling these applications. First, we attempt to address the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections by developing a nano-probe for targeted sensing, with potential for early, non-invasive diagnosis of infectious diseases through optical imaging. Using genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage, we synthesize biologically-functionalized, aqueous-dispersed SWNTs, for actively-targeted, modularly-tunable, high-contrast, highly-specific detection of deep-tissue pathogenic infections, at an order-of-magnitude lower dosage compared to other probes reported in literature. Second, we investigate the role of guided surgery in enhancing the survival lifespan of patients with gynecological cancers. We deploy a combination of targeted SWNT probes, along with a custom-designed real-time intraoperative imaging system, which offers sub-millimeter resolution at a sensitivity over 93%. Using image-guided surgery in a mouse model of ovarian cancer, compared to the control group receiving non-guided surgery we report improvement in the median survival by 40%, with large societal benefit expected upon clinical translation. Third, we develop a scalable, one-step mild thermal annealing treatment for enhancing the properties of graphene derivatives, with no chemical treatments involved, while preserving the rich oxygen framework in GO unlike current protocols used in literature. This treatment provides a handle to control the spatial distribution of oxygen functional groups on the graphene basal plane. Using nano-bodies decorated on our treated GO substrate, we report 38% increase in the efficiency of cell capture from whole blood, compared to conventional sensors using as-synthesized GO. Finally, we discuss challenges in moving the field forward, and provide a brief glimpse into the next-generation imaging technologies currently under development, which are generally applicable to a much broader class of materials.
Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials: Material Design Methods, Properties and Applications covers advances in carbon dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, fullerenes and their applications. This book explores important aspects of preparing these materials for specific applications and includes an overview of the most relevant synthesis methods, with special emphasis on newer green methods and material synthesis from biomass sources. Thorough discussion of the materials key properties, including unique optical and electronic properties to enable them for a wide range of applications is included, along with applications in the fields of photovoltaic cells, catalysis, sensors, biomedical, nano devices and energy storage. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in materials science and engineering and may also be helpful for chemists and chemical engineers. Introduces the most relevant methods, properties and applications of carbon dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots and fullerenes Reviews methods including green and biomass derived methods to prepare carbon nanomaterials to enhance properties (particularly optical and electronic) and improve performance for specific applications Discusses challenges and opportunities for commercial translation and use of carbon nanomaterials in energy, medicine, sensing, biomedical engineering and electronics applications
Inorganic Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials provides an overview of the development on inorganic two-dimensional nanomaterials from computational simulation and theoretical understanding to applications in energy conversion and storage.
The field of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has undergone explosive development during the last decade with the advent of new one- and two-dimensional techniques. The author has had extensive experience in the use of these techniques for the structure elucidation of complex natural products, and in this book he gives a comprehensive, up-to-date and very readable account of these developments. The book's scope is very wide. It starts from fundamental principles of modern NMR spectroscopy, describing the instrumentation and its optimum use, and extends to the latest developments such as inverse measurements. Emphasis is on problem-solving so as to be useful to a large number of organic chemists, biochemists and medicinal chemists. The problems and worked solutions at the end of the chapters will help students to gain proficiency in the application of these new techniques. Those who are learning how to operate modern NMR spectrometers will find particularly useful the description of such basic aspects as shimming, probe tuning, and methods for improvement of resolution and sensitivity.
This book focuses on recent developments in the field of two-dimensional nanomaterials for environmental applications. Due to their high surface area and tunable surface chemistry, two-dimensional nanomaterials are currently garnering great interest for environmental remediation applications. This book compiles contributed chapters from active international researchers dealing with the development of state-of-the-art two-dimensional nanomaterials in environmental applications such as water and wastewater treatment, adsorption, photocatalysis, membrane separation, desalination, deionization, environmental pollutants sensing/detection, carbon-dioxide capture and catalytic conversion, microbial treatment, and electrochemical remediation. Each chapter provides an essential and comprehensive overview of the recent advances in material development and application, giving special attention to preparation methods, tunning of physiochemical properties, surface and interface chemistry, structural porosity, assemblies integration for fabrication of devices, and their relationship with overall efficiency. It offers a valuable reference guide for environmental and materials scientists, engineers, and policymakers working towards environmental sustainability.
This book details 2D nanomaterials, and their important applications—including recent developments and related scalable technologies crucial to addressing strong societal demands of energy, environmental protection, and worldwide health concerns—are systematically documented. It covers syntheses and structures of various 2D materials, electrical transport in graphene, and different properties in detail. Applications in important areas of energy harvesting, energy storage, environmental monitoring, and biosensing and health care are elaborated. Features: Facilitates good understanding of concepts of emerging 2D materials and its applications. Covers details of highly sensitive sensors using 2D materials for environmental monitoring. Outlines the role of 2D materials in improvement of energy harvesting and storage. Details application in biosensing and health care for the realization of next-generation biotechnologies for personalized health monitoring and so forth. Provides exclusive coverage of inorganic 2D MXenes compounds. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science and engineering, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and electrical engineering.