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Transversity 2008, the second workshop on OC Transverse polarization phenomena in hard processesOCO follows the first one held in Como after three years. As in that case, the event comes at the end of a two-years project financed by the Italian Ministry of Education. In the time between the two Workshops, decisive steps towards the revealing of the transverse spin structure of the proton were taken on both the theoretical and experimental sides. The milestone of the first extraction of Transversity and the Sivers function for the u- and d-quarks deserves a special mention. In the same period, historic experiments that in the last decade contributed to the first pioneering measurements in the SIDIS sector, have concluded their data taking, and their place is being taken by upgrades of existing or new facilities. These are the result of the new interesting phenomena which are appearing and call for additional experimental information and novel experimental techniques. Over 80 physicists took part in the Workshop. Equally involved were experimentalists and theoreticians engaged in investigating the nature of transverse spin. The heterogeneous public favoured vivid discussions and fruitful exchange of up-to-date theoretical and experimental ideas on this constantly evolving subject."
The Proceedings include talks given at the 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer at Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA, USA, the world''s leading facility performing research on nuclear, hadronic and quark-gluon structure of matter. Exclusive reactions are becoming one of the major sources of information about the deep structure of the nucleons and other hadrons. The workshop focused on the application of a variety of exclusive reactions at high momentum transfer, utilizing unpolarized and polarized beams and targets, to obtain information about nucleon ground state and excited state structure at short distances. This is a subject which is central to the programs of current accelerators and especially planned future facilities. The topics include: generalized parton distributions, deeply virtual Compton scattering, deeply virtual meson production (DVMP), transverse structure of hadrons (TMD), hadron form factors - elastic and transition, quantum chromodynamics (perturbative, non-perturbative, lattice calculations), and physics to study at an Electron Ion Collider.
The topics covered in the conference ranged from the physics that can be done with polarized beams of particles (protons, electrons, gamma-rays, etc.) to the techniques and instrumentation necessary to achieve this. Topics included: nucleon structure measurements (from where does the spin of the proton and neutron come), the acceleration, storage and polarization of particle beams and the polarized targets and sources necessary for mounting the experiments.
A description is provided of the conversions of geodetic latitude and longitude into transverse Mercator grid co-ordinates, and vice-versa, for coverage of wide extent, with sub-millimetre accuracy tested up to 80 degrees from the central meridian. (160-degree zone-width). It is useful as a tool to evaluate existing algorithms based on Taylor series expansions, which begin to degrade beyond the standard 6-degree zone-width of UTM. Mathematical formulae with derivations, numerical examples and Fortran code are included.
The main purpose of the workshop was to review both experimental and theoretical aspects of the field of Diffraction in High Energy Particle Physics. The topics covered include diffraction in electron-nucleon collisions, forward physics in Hadron-hadron collisions, new results in polarization and spin physics, diffraction in heavy ion collisions, etc. New developments to identify significant progress and prospects for the Large Hadron Collider were largely discussed.