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From the oceans to continental heartlands, human activities have altered the physical characteristics of Earth's surface. With Earth's population projected to peak at 8 to 12 billion people by 2050 and the additional stress of climate change, it is more important than ever to understand how and where these changes are happening. Innovation in the geographical sciences has the potential to advance knowledge of place-based environmental change, sustainability, and the impacts of a rapidly changing economy and society. Understanding the Changing Planet outlines eleven strategic directions to focus research and leverage new technologies to harness the potential that the geographical sciences offer.
This work confronts head-on the dilemma faced by a world wedded to mobility: the danger of continuing along the fossil-fuelled path and the real paucity of viable technological alternatives which can be deployed in time.
The nation¿s economic vitality and the quality of life depend on the availability, dependability, and security of its surface transportation (ST) network of roads, railways, ports, and transit systems. For the past several decades, demand has outpaced the capacity of the ST system. Furthermore, fed. ST programs are not effectively addressing key challenges, such as congestion, or ensuring that transportation dollars are well spent. This report: (1) identifies key themes emphasized in proposals by stakeholders, incl. assoc. and research org., for restructuring and funding ST programs; and (2) discusses the extent to which various recommendations align with principles developed for evaluating proposals to restructure and fund ST programs. Illus.