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The material in this book is based on invited and contributed pa pers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on INon-stoichio l metric Compounds held in Ringberg Castle, Rottach-Egern (Bavarian Alps), Germany, July 3-9, 1988. The workshop followed previous meetings held in Mogilany, Poland (1980), Alenya, France (1982), Penn State, USA (1984) and Keele University, UK (1986). The aim of these workshops is to present and discuss up-to-date knowledge in the study of non-stoichiometry and its effect on materials properties as well as to indicate the most urgent research pathways required in this field. Since the subject of non-stoichiometry is interdisciplinary, the workshops bring together solid state physicists and chemists, surface scientists, materials scientists, ceramists and metallurgists. The present workshop, which gathered 42 scientists of an inter national reputation, mainly considered the effect of surfaces, grain boundaries and structural defects on materials properties. From discus sions during this meeting it emerged that correct understanding of properties of ceramic materials requires urgent studies on the defect structure of the interface region. Progress in this direction requires the development of the interface defect chemistry. This is the task for materials scientists in the near future. The present proceedings includes both theoretical and experimen tal work on general aspects of non-stoichiometry, defect structure and diffusion in relation to the bulk and to the interface region of such materials as high tech ceramics, solid electrolytes, electronic cera mics, nuclear materials and high Tc oxide superconductors.
Prior to the 9th International Conference on Reactivity Solids in Krakow, Poland a group of about 25 international scientists held a special conference entitled "Transport in Nonstoichiometric Compounds" in late Aug. 1980 in Mogilany, Poland (near Krakow). This conference was well received in view of the interaction between the participants, as well as the resulting publication of the proceedings (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1982, edited by J. Nowotny). At this first conference the participants decided that it would be desirable to organize similar conferences at about two year intervals. Thus, a second meeting was held in late June, early July at Alenya, Pyrenees Orientales, France. This conference had a larger number of participants, about 50, but still managed to promote excellent interaction between all the participants. These proceedings, with editors G. Petot-Ervas, Hj. Matzke and C. Monty, have also been published by Elsevier as a special edition of the journal, Solid State lonics, Vol. 12 (1984). In view of the success of the initial two conferences, a third meeting was organized and held at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA., 16802, U.S.A. from 11 June 84 to 15 June 84. The proceedings of this conference are presented in the following text.
Prior to the 9th International Conference on Reactivity Solids in Krakow, Poland a group of about 25 international scientists held a special conference entitled "Transport in Nonstoichiometric Compounds" in late Aug. 1980 in Mogilany, Poland (near Krakow). This conference was well received in view of the interaction between the participants, as well as the resulting publication of the proceedings (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1982, edited by J. Nowotny). At this first conference the participants decided that it would be desirable to organize similar conferences at about two year intervals. Thus, a second meeting was held in late June, early July at Alenya, Pyrenees Orientales, France. This conference had a larger number of participants, about 50, but still managed to promote excellent interaction between all the participants. These proceedings, with editors G. Petot-Ervas, Hj. Matzke and C. Monty, have also been published by Elsevier as a special edition of the journal, Solid State lonics, Vol. 12 (1984). In view of the success of the initial two conferences, a third meeting was organized and held at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA., 16802, U.S.A. from 11 June 84 to 15 June 84. The proceedings of this conference are presented in the following text.
Materials Data for Cyclic Loading, Part B: Low-Alloy Steels presents materials data for cyclic loading which provide the basis for materials assessment by direct comparison of data or characteristic values and for estimating the crack initiation lives of low-alloy steels under constant and variable amplitude loading. The data include stress-strain curves, strain life curves, and mean stress parameter life curves for cyclic loading. Each data sheet takes up a maximum of four pages. The first page gives a description of the material and testing procedure. The chemical composition is always given in weight percent and corresponds to the values given in the literature referred to. The second and third pages show the diagrams for: stress-strain curves for monotonic and cyclic loading; strain life curve;, and mean stress (damage) parameter life curve according to the parameter of Smith, Watson and Topper. Unless indicated otherwise in the plots, the experiments were carried out at room temperature in laboratory air. The diagrams for the stress-strain relationships contain at the most three curves, one for monotonic loading and two for cyclic loading, the latter being evaluated from incremental step tests and constant amplitude tests. All three curves can be described approximately by an analytical function. This book will be of interest to materials scientists.
Based on the author's lecture notes for a course on Physical Chemistry of Oxides at High Temperatures held at the Graduate School of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, this book examines the micromechanism of migration of ions and electronic defects contained in solid and liquid oxides at high temperature.The book is primarily designed for use as a graduate-level text and includes 150 problems for students. The emphasis is on introduction of simple theories for transport properties of oxides, which can be universally used at low and high temperatures, for various combinations of oxides.
It is estimated that about 40% of the annual production of metals is used to repair or replace materials damaged by corrosion. Corrosion causes waste of the natural material and energy resources, it creates serious materials problems for many technologies and adversely affects almost every area of engineering. The use of metals in various aggressive environments has resulted in an extremely wide diversity of corrosion problems. This book presents a collection of concise reviews written by experts in the field on selected topics of metallic corrosion and on some aspects of interaction of hydrogen with metals. A comprehensive range of problems is examined including localized corrosion, high temperature corrosion in liquid metals and molten salts, transport control in corrosion processes, entry of hydrogen into metals, hydrogen embrittlement, and hydrogen reactions with metals. The variety of topics covered in the book will provide corrosion scientists, engineers, university lecturers and students alike with an interdisciplinary approach to solving problems of materials degradation and surface processes in metal corrosion.