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Complex issues of national security and defense modernization continue to be a major preoccupation of the PRC leadership. In the 1970s, especially during the second half of that crucial decade, critical decisions were made that led to Beijing's alignment with the West against the USSR and a revitalization of its armed forces. This book looks at Chi
This volume provides a comprehensive analysis of China's Middle Eastern policy.
This book represents the first attempt to deal with the problem of how to conceptualize the civil-military relations of communist systems within a common intellectual framework. The opening chapters present three major constructs originally designed for analyzing civil-military relations in the USSR: the interest group approach, the institutional congruence approach, and the participatory model. In subsequent chapters the utility of these approaches is tested against a wide variety of communist systems, including those of Cuba, the USSR, China, Romania, Hungary, the GDR, and Poland. In probing these issues for the first time, the authors shed considerable light on the transnational differences and similarities among communist systems, and the dynamics of civil-military relations in all communist systems.
First published in 1982. The dramatic changes in policy and theory following the death of Chairman Mao in 1976 and the publication of the most extensive official and unofficial data on the Chinese economy and society in twenty years both necessitated and made possible a thorough reconsideration of the full range of issues pertaining to the political and economic trajectory of the People’s Republic in its first three decades. The contributors to this volume initiated a comprehensive effort to address fundamental problems of China’s socialist development and to reassess earlier perspectives and conclusions.
This book examines the extent, nature, and political implications of professionalization in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). It provides a description and evaluation of the military, political, economic, and social context within which PLA officers have functioned since the civil war.
What do the Chinese mean when they say that their political systems is "democratic"? With recent improvements in relations between China and the West, this question is basic to an understanding of the Chinese people in their state. In Chinese Democracy, Andrew Nathan investigates in depth the nature and meaning of "democracy" in China today, beginning with a vivid history of the short-lived Democracy Movement of 1978-1981, when groups of young people in a number of Chinese cities started issuing outspoken publications and putting up posters detailing their complaints and opinions. Nathan constructs--for the first time--a poignant picture of this burst of liberal activity, and at the same time he shows how distinctly Chinese it was and how the roots of its failure lay as much in history as in current political necessity. readers of this book will gain a new perspective on the nature of democracy as the Chinese practice it.
This is the first book to treat the intellectual developments that accompanied the "Crit­icizing Lin Biao and Confucius Movement" and the campaign against the "Gang of Four," separating the political issues from the academic issues in both campaigns and reporting the genuine advances to come from the campaigns in archaeology, history, philosophy, sociology, and literature. Following a discussion of the "Campaign Against Lin Biao" Professor Wu treats those topics examined by Chinese scholars un­der its impetus: "Slave Society in Ancient China," "Historical Critics and Criticisms of Confucius," "Confucius and His Communist Critics," "The Struggle Between the Confu­cian and Legalist Schools: From the Late Spring and Autumn Period to Quin," "Crit­icism of Literature and the Arts: The Shui-hu zhuan Campaign," and then shows how in some cases the "Criticisms of the Gang of Four" further modified and corrected these areas of study. His carefully structured pre­sentation and evaluation of this politically encouraged research makes clear the need for scholars to approach such polemics as they would any new data, for there were discoveries of enduring significance that re­sulted from both movements. Indeed, Pro­fessor Wu approaches this recent scholar­ship with such subtle discernment that his work approaches an intellectual history of China. Completing this remarkable volume are documentary notes and a "Selected Bibli­ography," divided into nine parts that roughly follow the organization of the text, which together offer invaluable sources for further study and research.