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This is a study of peasant-state relations and village politics as they have evolved in response to the state's attempts to control the division of the harvest and extract the state-defined surplus. To provide the reader with a clearer sense of the evolution of peasant-state relations over almost a forty-year period and to highlight the dramatic changes that have taken place since 1978,1 have divided my analysis into two parts: Chapters 2 through 7 are on Maoist China, and chapters 8 and 9 are on post-Mao China. The first part examines the state's grain policies and patterns of local politics that emerged during the highly collectivized Maoist period, when the state closed free grain markets and established the system of unified purchase and sales (tonggou tongxiao). The second part describes the new methods for the production and division of the harvest after 1978, when the government decollectivized agriculture and abolished its unified procurement program.
In the 1970s and 1980s the United States and China developed cooperative relations to enhance security against the USSR. Conventional wisdom claims Washington and Beijing agreed to 'shelve' conflictual issues; where conflict occurred, diplomatic error or domestic politics are blamed. This book shows, however, that US-China cooperation was fragile precisely because of ongoing conflicts, notably that over Taiwan. The author disputes Kissinger's claim that only he and Nixon understood Taiwan's unimportance. China never found the US stance on Taiwan acceptable, and the issue required constant attention. The book shows how the two powers built cooperative relations despite Taiwan. It explains how negotiations were conducted, and why the two powers at times compromised and at times accepted the status quo. It examines why relations on occasion became acrimonious and why the acrimony subsided.--China Review International "Columbia University"
China's Changed Road to Development covers papers on the very different attitudes to social and economic development that have emerged in China since 1978. The book contains papers on the logic and limits of Chinese socialist development; the underlying factors and prospects of China's economic system reform; and the political economy of class struggle and economic growth in China from 1950 to 1982. The text also includes papers on Chinese market mechanism; the changing relations between state and enterprise in contemporary China; and the trends in Chinese enterprise management (1978-1982). The production responsibility system and its implications; the peasant labor for urban industry; and the single-child family are also encompassed. The book further presents papers on Chinese Marxism since 1978; bureaucratic privilege as an issue in Chinese politics; and post-Mao China's development model in global perspective.
First published in 1982. The dramatic changes in policy and theory following the death of Chairman Mao in 1976 and the publication of the most extensive official and unofficial data on the Chinese economy and society in twenty years both necessitated and made possible a thorough reconsideration of the full range of issues pertaining to the political and economic trajectory of the People’s Republic in its first three decades. The contributors to this volume initiated a comprehensive effort to address fundamental problems of China’s socialist development and to reassess earlier perspectives and conclusions.
How did Zhao Ziyang rise through the provincial apparatus of the Chinese Communist Party to become premier in 1980? How did he develop the policies of economic reform in the provinces that have now become national policy? What does Zhao Ziyang’s professional development indicate about upward elite mobility in the Chinese political system? These are the central questions the author addresses in this political biography, tracing Zhao Ziyang’s career in detail from his youth, through the Anti-Japanese War, the 1949 revolution, land reform, a series of political and economic campaigns during the 1950s and 1960s, the Cultural Revolution, political rehabilitation, and the “Sichuan Experience.” Mr. Shambaugh goes beyond a chronological account to elucidate Zhao’s job responsibilities and performance, political and economic philosophy, survival strategies, and behavior during thirty tumultous years in provincial politics. Bringing forth much new information drawn extensively from primary source materials, he also provides insights into the functioning of the post-1949 Chinese political system, especially the interplay between central and provincial politics.