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Leo Tolstoy, 1906: "I remember the astonishment I felt when I first read Shakespeare. I expected to receive a powerful esthetic pleasure, but having read, one after the other, works regarded as his best: "King Lear," "Romeo and Juliet," "Hamlet" and "Macbeth," not only did I feel no delight, but I felt an irresistible repulsion and tedium...
I. 'Tolstoy on Shakespeare' - a critical essay on Shakespeare II. 'Shakespeare's Attitude Toward The Working Classes'- Ernest Crosby III. A Letter From Mr. G. Bernard Shaw
"Tolstoy On Shakespeare: A Critical Essay On Shakespeare" is a non-fiction work by the renowned Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, published in 1906. In this essay, Tolstoy presents a comprehensive critique of the works of William Shakespeare, arguably the most celebrated playwright in the English language. Tolstoy's assessment of Shakespeare's plays is characterized by both admiration and criticism. While he acknowledges Shakespeare's literary genius and the universal appeal of his works, Tolstoy also questions their moral and artistic value. One of Tolstoy's main criticisms of Shakespeare is centered on what he perceives as the lack of moral clarity and coherence in his plays. Tolstoy argues that Shakespeare's characters and plots lack moral integrity and fail to convey a clear moral message. He accuses Shakespeare of promoting moral relativism and portraying human behavior in a morally ambiguous light, which he views as detrimental to society. Furthermore, Tolstoy criticizes Shakespeare's portrayal of life as a series of chaotic and meaningless events, devoid of any higher purpose or moral order. He contrasts this with his own belief in the importance of moral principles and the pursuit of a meaningful life guided by moral ideals. In addition to his moral objections, Tolstoy also critiques Shakespeare's writing style, particularly his use of complex language and intricate plots, which he finds excessive and unnecessary. Tolstoy advocates for simplicity and clarity in literature, arguing that Shakespeare's verbosity and ornate language detract from the true essence of his characters and themes. Despite his criticisms, Tolstoy acknowledges Shakespeare's immense influence on world literature and culture. He recognizes the enduring popularity of Shakespeare's plays and the profound impact they have had on subsequent generations of writers and artists. Overall, "Tolstoy On Shakespeare" offers a thought-provoking analysis of Shakespeare's works from the perspective of one of the greatest writers of the 19th century. Tolstoy's essay reflects his own moral and aesthetic principles, as well as his profound engagement with the philosophical questions of human existence and the nature of art.
Katia is the 1859 novel by Leo Tolstoy. The story is about young wife and her much older husband that come to realize they want different things out of life. There are ideals of happiness are not the same. The tone of the book is set but the opening line. "We were in mourning for our mother, who had died the preceding autumn, and we had spent all the winter alone in the country--Macha, Sonia and I."
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (September 9, 1828 - November 20, 1910) was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Later in life, he also wrote plays and essays. His two most famous works, the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, are acknowledged as two of the greatest novels of all time and a pinnacle of realist fiction. Many consider Tolstoy to have been one of the world's greatest novelists. Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s, after which he also became noted as a moral thinker and social reformer.-wikipedia