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Deer have been central to human cultures throughout time and space: whether as staples to hunter-gatherers, icons of Empire, or the focus of sport. Their social and economic importance has seen some species transported across continents, transforming landscape as they went with the establishment of menageries and park. The fortunes of other species have been less auspicious, some becoming extirpated, or being in threat of extinction, due to pressures of over-hunting and/or human-instigated environmental change. In spite of their diverse, deep-rooted and long standing relations with human societies, no multi-disciplinary volume of research on cervids has until now been produced. This volume draws together research on deer from wide-ranging disciplines and in so doing substantially advances our broader understanding of human-deer relationships in the past and the present. Themes include species dispersal, exploitation patterns, symbolic significance, material culture and art, effects on the landscape and management. The temporal span of research ranges from the Pleistocene to the modern day and covers Europe, North America and Asia. Papers derived from international conferences held at the University of Lincoln and in Paris.
How Did the World¡ ̄s News Media React to 9/11? Not surprisingly, most of the world¡ ̄s news media criticized the terrorists and offered sympathy and support to the United States in the days right after the September 11, 2001, attacks. But this phase didn¡ ̄t last long. With a week or two, many of the world¡ ̄s news media, even some in Western countries, were putting some of the blame for the attacks on the United States, citing its history of heavy-handed politics around the world. Many hoped the attacks would ¡°wake up¡± the United States to this fact. But the subsequent U.S.-led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq dashed these hopes. Today, much of the sympathy and support generated from the tragedy has dissipated ¡a replaced, instead, by a widespread belief that political leadership in the United States is more arrogant, intransigent and self-absorbed than ever. This is the major theme of How the World¡ ̄s News Media Reacted to 9/11, which contains 22 chapters, written by scholars and experts from around the world, that examine news media coverage of 9/11 from more than two dozen countries. The ¡°arrogance¡± theme isn¡ ̄t one that many U.S. politicians, journalists and citizens want to hear. But it¡ ̄s the message that the world¡ ̄s news media have been sending, and the question now is: Will U.S. media and politicians listen? Other key highlights in this book: ¡ñ American TV news channel news executives deliberately excluded controversial U.S. guests and opinions from their news coverage of 9/11 (Chapter 20). ¡ñ Media in Australia, Canada and other countries demonized Muslims and Arabs after 9/11 (Chapters 18 and 21). ¡ñ Ordinary Arabs and Muslims in the Middle East have distorted views of the United States, partly because their media do not provide all of the facts (Chapter 15), but Americans, too, misunderstand Muslims and Arabs, because U.S. media have failed to help Americans understand why much of the world hates their political leadership (numerous chapters).
It ranked among journalism’s finest hours. That is what was heard in the weeks following September 11, 2001. They made mistakes, of course, but in covering one of the biggest disasters ever to hit the United States, journalists used their training, their experience, their understanding, and their sensitivity to provide coverage that helped bring understanding and a sense of calm to the chaos. Their performance did not end with reporting the immediate impact of the catastrophe. They continued to analyze what happened, the impact to property and human lives, the impact on government and foreign relations. Lessons from Ground Zero’s examines journalism’s efforts to cover a crisis, while analyzing journalism itself. Many lessons were evident to journalists as they sought to cope with the challenges of covering 9/11. The long-term question, however, is whether the answers they found served as catalysts for better journalism in the future, or whether they have been forgotten, put into the closet of old memories with no noticeable long-term impact. This book analyzes journalists’ response to 9/11 through scholarly research and interviews with many of the journalists who covered 9/11. Sometimes they do not agree, but all are thoughtful and each adds to understanding. Public opinion polls show clearly that citizens appreciated and responded to media coverage. Given that this occurred in a time frame in which public approval of American journalism had declined, it is reasonable to ask what the media did that was different from their normal practices. This book provides some of the answers.
Discussion Questions -- 11. The Terrorist Attack of September 11 -- Shattered Assumptions -- Causal Explanations -- The War on Terrorism -- Homeland Security -- The Culture of Fear -- Discussion Questions -- III. Epilogue -- 12. Collective Memory -- Generational Effects -- Commemoration -- Popular Culture and Mass Entertainment -- Links Between the Past and the Future -- Discussion Questions -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author
Reprint of the first American edition. One of the most interesting jurists of the post-World War II era, Ross [1899-1979] was a legal and moral philosopher, scholar of international law and the leading representative of Scandinavian Legal Realism. This book and On Law and Justice (1958) are his principal works. In Directives and Norms Ross asks whether imperatives (or, to use his term, 'directives') are subject to logic in the same way as indicatives. He shows the difference between indicative and directive discourse and explains the concepts 'directive' and 'norm' as they function in the social sciences, especially in the study of law. A contemporary essay in the Modern Law Review (32:544), though critical of this work, was still impressed by its "clear and convincing account" of these processes.
The Moral Media provides readers with preliminary answers to questions about ethical thinking in a professional environment. Representing one of the first publications of journalists' and advertising practitioners' response to the Defining Issues Test (DIT), this book compares thinking about ethics by these two groups with the thinking of other professionals. This text is divided into three parts: *Part I includes chapters that explain the DIT and place it within the larger history of three fields: psychology, philosophy, and mass communication. It also provides both a statistical (quantitative) and narrative (qualitative) analysis of journalists' responses to the DIT. *Part II adds to scholarship theory building in these three disciplines and makes changes in the DIT that adds an element of visual information processing to the test. *Part III explores the larger meaning of this effort overall and links the results to theory and practice in these three fields. The Moral Media pursues connections among various intellectual disciplines, between the academy and the profession of journalism, and among those who believe that what journalists do is essential. As a result, this book is appropriate for aspiring journalists; scholars in journalism and mass communication; psychologists, particularly those interested in human development and behavior; and philosophers.