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This book provides information about springs, mineral waters, and thermal waters used for municipal, industrial, and agricultural water supplies and the rapidly expanding bottled water industry. The role of springs is described for ancient civilizations, military campaigns and, in more recent times, for tourism and health spas. In addition, their source, occurrence, and methods for development and use are described. The book contains data obtained from major hydrogeologic databases and from leading hydrogeologists.
This is a compilation of manuscripts on mineral and thermal waters of different areas of the world. This special volume is devoted to the 41st Meeting of the Commission on Mineral and Thermal Waters of International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH-CMTW) held in Cairo, Egypt, in October 2009. The presentations collected and presented in this volume show the variety of aspects of mineral and thermal waters occurrence and utilization in different countries of the world with a special focus on Egypt, Iran, Ukraine, Poland, Russia and Australia.
Mineral Water: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications, written by a multi-disciplinary group of educators, researchers and medical doctors, gathers a timely review on the effects of mineral waters upon several aspects of human biology and pathophysiology, as it gives an overview of how mineral waters may provide a positive impact on different settings, namely health promotion and disease prevention as well as rehabilitation and therapy. A major advantage of this book is the gathering of up-to-date information on the benefits, and associated mechanisms, of mineral waters through different routes of internal and external exposure. Concepts and classifications of mineral waters are disclosed. The relevance of spa therapies in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, otorhinolaryngology, rheumatic diseases and dermatology is addressed. The mitigation of diet-induced acid load by mineral waters consumption and its relevance for bone health is discussed. The importance of mineral waters consumption against metabolic dysfunction through gut microbiota modulation is argued. Modulation of membrane transporters by mineral water is reviewed. Mineral Water: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications aims to target health professionals (medical doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, nutritionists and dietitians), educators and students (in the aforementioned subject areas) as well as health science researchers (biochemists, biologists and pharmacists), beverage companies and policy-makers.
Geothermal springs constitute a major tourism resource, providing spectacular settings, recreation facilities, a recognised value in treatments beneficial for health and wellness, a sense of heritage and adventure, and links with the natural environment. Health and wellness tourism accounts for a significant proportion of the world’s tourism consumption, with components ranging from hot spring bathing for leisure and recreation, through mineral water use in health treatments under the supervision of highly specialised medical professionals, to water treatments in the wellness and beauty therapy sector and the use of mineral water for drinking purposes. This makes it an economically and socially important area of tourism demanding in-depth analysis. This book explores health and wellness tourism from a range of perspectives including usage, heritage, management, technology, environmental and cultural features, and marketing.
Encyclopedia of Caves, Third Edition, provides detailed background information to anyone with a serious interest in caves. This includes students, both undergraduate and graduate, in the earth, biological and environmental sciences, and consultants, environmental scientists, land managers and government agency staff whose work requires them to know something about caves and the biota that inhabit them. Caves touch on many scientific interests in geology, climate science, biology, hydrology, archaeology, and paleontology, as well as more popular interests in sport caving and cave exploration. Case studies and descriptions of specific caves selected for their special features and public interest are also included. This book will appeal to these audiences by providing in-depth essays written by expert authors chosen for their expertise in their assigned subject. - Features 14 new chapters and 13 completely rewritten chapters - Contains beautifully illustrated content, with more than 500 color images of cave life and features - Provides extensive bibliographies that allow readers to access their subject of interest in greater depth
Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. Mineral water may be effervescent (i.e., "sparkling") due to contained gases. Traditionally, mineral waters were used or consumed at their spring sources, often referred to as "taking the waters" or "taking the cure," at places such as spas, baths, or wells. The term spa was used for a place where the water was consumed and bathed in; bath where the water was used primarily for bathing, therapeutics, or recreation; and well where the water was to be consumed. Thermal analysis plays a specific role in the identification and quantitative determination of mineral components of rocks. In spite of the fact that minerals were the first group of materials studied regularly by using thermoanalytical methods, the potential offered by these methods is still not fully utilized in the field of earth sciences. The range of thermoanalytical methods applied in earth sciences is rather wide. Most works are based on DTA. DTA data provide indirect analytical information on a material and the quantification of a reaction is limited.
This book brings together the latest findings on mineral and thermal waters from countries in Southeastern (SE) Europe (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Romania and Bulgaria). Each chapter is dedicated to the most recent geochemical and hydrogeological investigations for a specific country in SE Europe, helping readers to understand the origins and applications of mineral and thermal waters – aspects which are of great importance for the economic development of this region, as these waters are renewable resources, and have been gaining in popularity over the last few decades. Thanks to the region’s favorable geological conditions, it is home to more than 6,000 sources of mineral and thermal waters, characterized by different physical properties and chemical compositions.
Is it not generally believed that our town is a healthy place . . . a place highly com mended on this score both for the sick andfor the healthy? . . And then these Baths - the so-called 'artery' of the town, or the 'nerve centre' . . . Do you know what they are in reality, these great and splendid and glorious Baths that have cost so much money? . . A most serious danger to health! All that filth up in Melledal, where there's such an awful stench - it's all seeping into the pipes that lead to the pump-room! Henrik Ibsen, An Enemy of the People, 1882 Henrik Ibsen gave the 'truth about mineral water' more than 100 years ago in An Enemy of the People. His examples came not from the decadent bathing spas of Bohemia or Victorian Britain, but from the very edge of polite society, subarctic Norway! His masterpiece illustrates the central role that groundwaters and, in particular, mineral waters have played in the history of humanity: their economic importance for towns, their magnetism for pilgrims searching for cures, the political intrigues, the arguments over purported beneficent or maleficent health effects and, finally, their contami nation by anthropogenic activity, in Ibsen's case by wastes from a tannery. This book addresses the occurrence, properties and uses of mineral and thermal groundwaters. The use of these resources for heating, personal hygiene, curative and recreational purposes is deeply integrated in the history of civilization.
This book introduces aqueous geochemistry applied to geothermal systems. It is specifically designed for readers first entering into the world of geothermal energy from a variety of scientific and engineering backgrounds, and consequently is not intended to be the last word on geothermal chemistry. Instead it is intended to provide readers with sufficient background knowledge to permit them to subsequently understand more complex texts and scientific papers on geothermal energy. The book is structured into two parts. The first explains how geothermal fluids and their associated chemistry evolve, and shows how the chemistry of these fluids can be used to, deduce information about the resource. The second part concentrates on survey techniques explaining how these should be performed and the procedures which need to be adopted to ensure reliable sampling and analytical data are obtained. A geothermal system requires a heat source and a fluid which transfers the heat towards the surface. The fluid could be molten rock (magma) or water. This book concentrates on the chemistry of the water, or hydrothermal, systems. Consequently, magma-energy systems are not considered. Hot-dry rock (HDR) systems are similarly outside the scope of this text, principally because they contain no indigenous fluid for study. Both magma-energy and HDR systems have potential as energy sources but await technological developments before they can be exploited commercially. Geothermal systems based on water, however, are proven energy resources which have been successfully developed throughout the world.