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The Present Book Is A Comprehensive And Comparative Study Of The Origin And Development Of The Concept Of Avatèra In The Theological And Biographical Literature Of India: Vedic, Sanskrit, Pali And Bengali. It Seeks To Understand The Incarnated Divinity Of Chaitanya (1486Å1533) And The Socio-Religious And Psychological Factors Responsible For His Apotheosis During His Life-Time. The Study Also Shows How The Concept Of Avatèra, Though Un-Vedic In Origin, Has Absorbed Many Vedic Elements Of Solar Myth And Natural Allegory, Has Synthesized Various Elements From The Epico-Purè!Ic Tradition And Has Ultimately Blossomed Forth As An Eclectic Theory In The Bengal School Of Vai !Avism. It Further Shows That Both Vai !Avism And The Concept Of Avatèra Owe Their Origin To K !A Vèsudeva, The Great Synthesizer Of The Aryan And Non-Aryan Cultures In Ancient India And Ascribes The Theoretical Development Of The Concept Of Avatèra In The Medieval Period To Various Attempts Of Interpreting Chaitanya S Life And Personality. In This Study, Avatèravèda Does Not Merely Remain To Be A Theological Doctrine, But Turns Out, On In-Depth Scrutiny, To Be Also A Method Of Analysis And Interpretation Of Both History And Its Maker With Stress On Synthesis And Syncretism.The Study Dwells Upon Many Relevant Topics Like Relationship Between Avatèravèda And Vyêhavèda, Psychosomatic Symptoms Of Avatèrahood, Zoomorphism And Mythic Elements In The Stories Of The Ten Incarnations Of Vi !U, Historical Significance Of The Episode Of Kalki And Chronology Of The Mytho-Historic Avatèras With The Help Of The Purè!Ic Calendar Of The Four Ages.
The Apocalypse of Enoch and Bhuśunda The Apocalypse of Enoch and Bhuśunda challenges the underlying assumptions of the classical roots of civilization by restoring the original context of creation mythology. In this second volume of A Chronology of the Primeval Gods and the Western Sunrise, ancient myths from multiple geographies are correlated to spikes in cosmic rays over the past 120,000 years – as documented in ice core data. The chronology and content of these myths tell us that the primary forces behind these cataclysms were the most ancient gods - hyper-nova at the Galactic Center associated with Sgr A*(The Dragon), Sgr West (The Beast) and Sgr East (Hiranyâksha and Hiranyakas'ipu), with secondary supernova seen as the birth of new, destructive gods. Ancient myth has documented the cataclysmic destruction of the world on at least twenty occasions with four major geo-polar migrations, which has resulted in a shift of the earth’s equator on at least one occasion. Multiple myths are shown to represent a view of the sky that can only be seen from the Antarctic region. Multiple versions of the myths of Orion are analyzed, showing clear linkages between the Vedic myth of Trisanku, the Book of Genesis, Senmut's Tomb, and the myths of Prajāpati Daksa representing the oldest version of the Orion myth – older than Trishanku and Genesis by 20,000 years! The stunning conclusion explains how the “Watchers” of Enoch were the Vedic descendants of Ila and Iksvaku. These descendants of the seventh Manu had been observing and recording the stars as a source of cataclysm for at least 15,000 years prior to Enoch, thus allowing Enoch to prophesize a ‘new heaven.’ That prophecy became the foundation for St John’s Book of Revelations, which is shown to be a description of a series of cataclysms attributed to Sgr West. The book offers a new theory for explaining geo-polar migration. That theory suggests small shifts in the location of the earth’s center of gravity underlie each migration, but that there are multiple causes for the shifts.
The Book Is An Academic Endeavour On A Variety Of Themes Encompassing History, Society, Religions, Vedas, Upanishads And Epics. It Also Studies The Movements Led By Various Personalities Enjoying Places Of Prominence In Their Respective Fields.Besides The Major Tenets Of Different Religions, The Book Discusses More Than Thirty Philosophies Representing Various Shades Of Thought Classified Into Five Broad Categories: (I) Saddarsanas Or Six Visions, Inspired By The Vedas, Are Independent In Approach And Argument Though Not Isolated From One Another; (Ii) Sramanas (Strivers) Philosophies Emerged In The 6Th Century Bc. Their Proponents Were, By And Large, Empiricists Who Used Experience And Observation As A Source Of Knowledge; (Iii) The Modern Philosophies In Hindusim Emanated From The Movements Of Revival Of This Religion Through Reformist Organisations Like Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, And Theosophical Society, Etc.; (Iv) The Upanishadic Philosophies Mainly Revolve Around The Concepts Of Self The Individual, And Absolute God Almighty; (V) Finally, The Philosophies Of Different Religions Are Based On Faith And Practices Propounded By Their Respective Founders Or Their Successors.This Elaborate Study Is Structured In Two Volumes Each Consisting Of A Number Of Parts That Include Chapters On Different Themes. Volume I Makes A Detailed Discussion On India, Going In-Depth Into The Name, Basic Characteristics, Geography, History, Civilization, Etc. It Effectively Unveils India S Identity As A Nation Along With Its Historical Realities, Socio-Culture Features And Contribution To The World At Large In Spiritual Pursuits. Volume Ii Is A Self-Contained Comparative Study Of Hinduism And Christianity Accentuating The Doctrinal Issues Which Mark The Points Of Accord And Possible Discords In The Cordiality And Mutuality Of These Two Great Religions. Annexures Given In The End Constitute An Integral Part Of This Volume And Will Provide Useful Study-Aids To The Readers.The Book Will Be Useful To Students, Teachers, Religious Preachers, Educationists, And All Those Who Aspire To Enhance Their Knowledge On India S History, Religion And Spiritual Philosophy.
The Impulse Behind The Study In Hand Was The Longing To Find Adequate Answers To Certain Vital Questions What Exactly Does Sikhism Stand For? Why Was It Originated And Developed By Guru Nanak And His Nine Successors? How Did It Strike Roots Among People? What Institutions And Structures The Gurus Evolved To Highlight And Escalate It? What Type Of Praxis Of Man And Society Gurus Visualized? How Was It Different From Contemporary Religious Systems Islam, Hinduism, Sahajyana, Buddhism, Nathism, Bhakti System Etc.? Was It A Synthesis Of Different Traits Of Different Religions? Was It A Syncretism Of Hindu And Muslim Cultures Or Was It An Independent System? Did Sikhism Purport To Design To Raise Itself On Premises Different From The Ones Which Formed The Foundations Of Hindu Or Other Societies? Was It Merely Reformist Movement Aiming At Certain Targets Within Time And Space Or A Distinct Spirito-Social Process To Urge The People To March Towards Integrated Development Both At Micro And Macro Levels? What Was The True Nature Of Supreme Reality As Conceived By The Gurus? How Is This Related With The Universe Including Man And How Does It Permeate, Pervade And Operate The Whole Universe? What Type Of Society Conforms To God S Will And How Was Its Consummation Possible? Which Models Of Polity And Social Edifice Were Recommended By The Gurus? Is Sikhism A Life-Affirming Dispensation Or Life-Negating Philosophy? Why Was Structural Bonding Of Religion And Politics Effected And Institutionalised? What Is The Place Of Sikhism In The Comity Of Religions And How It Is Relevant To Challenges Of The Present-Day World? Such Questions And A Lot More Being Vital And Crucial For The Understanding Of The Role Of Gurus And Their Dispensation, Have Been Fully Taken Cognizance Of In The Present Study.
Tucked away in ancient Sanskrit and Bengali texts is a secret teaching, a blissful devotional (bhakti) tradition that involves sacred congregational chanting (kīrtana), mindfulness practices (japa, smaraṇam), and the deepening of one’s relationship with God (rasa). Brought to the world’s stage by Śrī Chaitanya Mahāprabhu (1486–1533), and fully documented by his immediate followers, the Six Goswāmīs of Vrindāvan, these unprecedented teachings were passed down from master to student in Gauḍīya Vaishnava lineages. The Golden Avatāra of Love: Śrī Chaitanya’s Life and Teachings, by contemporary scholar Steven J. Rosen, makes the profound truths of this confidential knowledge easily accessible for an English language audience. In his well-researched text, modern readers—spiritual practitioners, scholars, and seekers of knowledge alike—will encounter a treasure of hitherto unrevealed spiritual teachings, and be able to fathom sublime dimensions of Śrī Chaitanya’s method. Using the ancient texts themselves and the findings of contemporary academics, Rosen succeeds in summarizing and establishing Śrī Chaitanya’s life and doctrine for the modern world.
The Gaudiya Vaisnava movement is one of the most vibrant religious groups in all of South Asia. Unlike most devotional communities that flourished in 15th-, 16th-, and 17th-century Bengal, however, the group had no formal founder. Today its devotees are uniform in their devotion to the historical figure of Krishna Caitanya (1486-1533), whom they believe to be not just Krishna incarnate, but Radha and Krishna fused into a single androgynous form. But Caitanya neither founded the community that coalesced around him nor named a successor. Tony Stewart seeks to discover how, with no central leadership, no institutional authority, and no geographic center, a religious community nevertheless comes to successfully define itself, fix its canon and flourish. He finds the answer in the brilliant hagiographical exercise in Sanskrit and Bengali titled the Caitanya Caritamrita (CC) of Krishnadasa Kaviraja.
Taking the role of His own devotee, Lord Sri Krsna appeared as Lord Caitanya about five centuries ago in Bengal, India, and began a revolution in spiritual consciousness that has profoundly affected the lives of millions worldwide. His conversations with the great scholars, kings, and mystics of the day form the basis of Teachings of Lord Caitanya, which is a summary study of the dialogues recorded in His biography, Sri Caitanya-caritamrta. The extensive references in Teachings of Lord Caitanya make it an invaluable compendium of devotional Indian philosophy.
The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Materiality provides a thoughtfully organized, inclusive, and vibrant project of the multiple ways in which religion and materiality intersect. The contributions explore the way that religion is shaped by, and has shaped, the material world, embedding beliefs, doctrines, and texts into social and cultural contexts of production, circulation, and consumption. The Companion not only contains scholarly essays but has an accompanying website to demonstrate the work of performers, architects, and expressive artists, ranging from musicians and dancers to religious practitioners. These examples offer specific illustrations of the interplay of religion and materiality in everyday life. The project is organized from a comparative perspective, highlighting examples and case studies from traditions originating in both East and West. To summarize, the volume: Brings together the leading figures, theories and ideas in the field in a systematic and comprehensive way Offers an interdisciplinary approach drawing together religious studies, anthropology, archaeology, history, sociology, geography, the cognitive sciences, ecology, and media studies Takes a comparative perspective, covering all the major faith traditions