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Magic has been an important term in Western history and continues to be an essential topic in the modern academic study of religion, anthropology, sociology, and cultural history. Defining Magic is the first volume to assemble key texts that aim at determining the nature of magic, establish its boundaries and key features, and explain its working. The reader brings together seminal writings from antiquity to today. The texts have been selected on the strength of their success in defining magic as a category, their impact on future scholarship, and their originality. The writings are divided into chronological sections and each essay is separately introduced for student readers. Together, these texts - from Philosophy, Theology, Religious Studies, and Anthropology - reveal the breadth of critical approaches and responses to defining what is magic. CONTRIBUTORS: Aquinas, Augustine, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Dennis Diderot, Emile Durkheim, Edward Evans-Pritchard, James Frazer, Susan Greenwood, Robin Horton, Edmund Leach, Gerardus van der Leeuw, Christopher Lehrich, Bronislaw Malinowski, Marcel Mauss, Agrippa von Nettesheim, Plato, Pliny, Plotin, Isidore of Sevilla, Jesper Sorensen, Kimberley Stratton, Randall Styers, Edward Tylor
Sir James G. Frazer (1854-1941) is famous as the author of The Golden Bough, but his work ranged widely across classics, cultural history, folklore and literary criticism as well as anthropology. A Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, for 62 years, Sir James G. Frazer devoted his life to research. This volume was first published in 1930.
This is a fully annotated edition of selected letters by (and in some cases to) Sir J. G. Frazer (1854-1941), the eminent anthropologist, classicist, and historian of religion. Frazer was read by virtually everyone working in those fields in the first third of the twentieth century. His great work, The Golden Bough, offered a grand vision of humanity's mental and spiritual evolution - from vain attempts to compel the gods to do our bidding (which Frazer called magic) through equally vain attempts to propitiate the gods through prayer and sacrifice (his characterization of religion) to rationality and science. His richly varied correspondence with prominent figures such as Edmund Gosse, A. E. Housman, and Bronislaw Malinowski, among others, offers an unparalleled insight into British intellectual life of the time, and also throws light upon the composition of The Golden Bough itself.
"As a plain record of a curious form of society which must soon be numbered with the past, the book may continue to possess an interest even when, with the progress of its knowledge, its errors shall have been corrected and its theories perhaps superseded by others which make a nearer approach to truth." Despite having been criticised later, the book at hand is an important and interesting document of its time. It provided the first complete ethnographical summary of totemism and exogamy, dwelling on its religious and social aspects. Totemism is described as a religious and social system in which people or clans regard themselves as related to certain objects. Exogamy, which is often found in conjunction with totemism, is represented as a system which only allows marriage outside of a specific group. On the whole, Frazer's work includes the origins as well as an ethnographical survey of totemism and exogamy in Australian Aboriginal tribes. Sir James George Frazer was a Scottish social anthropologist who contributed mainly to the studies of mythology and comparative religion and was the first to detail the relations between myths and rituals. His work Totemism and Exogamy is also frequently cited by Sigmund Freud in his own study Totem and Taboo.