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An Overview of International Case Studies Prepared by the 3rd World Water Forum, Kyoto, Japan, 16-23 March 2003 This paper offers an analysis of 30 widely varying cases from 20 countries ranging in size from the tiny atoll of Kiribati in Micronesia, with a population of less than 100,000, to the giant People's Republic of China, with a population of 1.28 billion. The cases explore water issues as they affect the poor in many parts of the world, suggest lessons learned from the sometimes experimental interventions, and challenge some widely held beliefs about water management.
Recognizing that safe and adequate water supplies are an essential component of fighting poverty and disease, the ADB Water for All Publication series focuses on understanding the water issues facing poor people in developing countries in Asia and the Pacific region. This analysis defines a strategy for having strong, receptive partnerships when trying to raise the quality of investments in poverty reduction projects and improve water security.
This paper stimulates debate and improved understanding of the critical importance of water security in the lives of the world's poor and provides a conceptual framework to help explain the relationship between poverty and water security. It also proposes constructive steps towards improving water security for the world's poor.
Water and Poverty was the theme at the 3rd World Water Forum in Kyoto, Japan, for which ADB organized six sessions, as well as the opening and closing plenary sessions. This report outlines the broad range of issues discussed, including the need to mainstream water issues in terms of poverty reduction policies. In addition, these sessions reflected the new thinking on pro-water management that emphasizes the importance of partnerships.
Problems with water security are a critical part of the overall experience of poverty that so many face. This paper outlines a pro-poor framework for action, linking poverty to water security and introducing interrelated issues of governance, water quality, access, livelihood opportunities, capacity building and empowerment, water related disaster prevention and management, and sustainable water resources and ecosystem management.
This book reviews the prevalence and variants of consumer subsidies found in the developing world and the effectiveness of these subsidies for the poor. It places consumer subsidies in a broader social protection framework and compares them with poverty-focused programmes in other sectors using a common metric. It concludes that the most common subsidy instruments perform poorly in comparison with most other transfer mechanisms. Alternative consumption and connection subsidy mechanisms show more promise, especially when combined with complementary non-price approaches to making utility services accessible and affordable to poor households. The many factors contributing to those outcomes are dissected, identifying those that can be controlled and used to improve performance.
This edition of the biennial Poverty and Shared Prosperity report brings sobering news. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and its associated economic crisis, compounded by the effects of armed conflict and climate change, are reversing hard-won gains in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. The fight to end poverty has suffered its worst setback in decades after more than 20 years of progress. The goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030, already at risk before the pandemic, is now beyond reach in the absence of swift, significant, and sustained action, and the objective of advancing shared prosperity—raising the incomes of the poorest 40 percent in each country—will be much more difficult. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune presents new estimates of COVID-19's impacts on global poverty and shared prosperity. Harnessing fresh data from frontline surveys and economic simulations, it shows that pandemic-related job losses and deprivation worldwide are hitting already poor and vulnerable people hard, while also shifting the profile of global poverty to include millions of 'new poor.' Original analysis included in the report shows that the new poor are more urban, better educated, and less likely to work in agriculture than those living in extreme poverty before COVID-19. It also gives new estimates of the impact of conflict and climate change, and how they overlap. These results are important for targeting policies to safeguard lives and livelihoods. It shows how some countries are acting to reverse the crisis, protect those most vulnerable, and promote a resilient recovery. These findings call for urgent action. If the global response fails the world's poorest and most vulnerable people now, the losses they have experienced to date will be minimal compared with what lies ahead. Success over the long term will require much more than stopping COVID-19. As efforts to curb the disease and its economic fallout intensify, the interrupted development agenda in low- and middle-income countries must be put back on track. Recovering from today's reversals of fortune requires tackling the economic crisis unleashed by COVID-19 with a commitment proportional to the crisis itself. In doing so, countries can also plant the seeds for dealing with the long-term development challenges of promoting inclusive growth, capital accumulation, and risk prevention—particularly the risks of conflict and climate change.
Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.