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Regulators act as “market referees”, balancing often competing interests of stakeholders, including governments, current and future actors in the markets, and consumers. At the same time, markets are changing at an unprecedented pace due to new technologies, the international drive toward carbon-neutral economies, shifts in consumer needs and preferences, and, more recently, the profound changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.
As “market referees”, regulators contribute to the delivery of essential public utilities. Their organisational culture, behaviour and governance are important factors in how regulators, and the sectors they oversee, perform. This report uses the OECD Performance Assessment Framework for ...
This volume analyzes contemporary economic policy in Latin America and offers a concise overview of the problems and prospects for future economic development. Topics covered include macroeconomic stabilisation, central bank policies in transition economies, and foreign direct investment.
Prepared by the Post Earthquake Investigation Committee of the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of ASCE. In the late afternoon of June 23, 2001, a colossal earthquake with a magnitude of 8.4 MW took place in the coastal waters off the District of Arequipa and the town of Atico, Peru. The magnitude of the event made it the largest in the world in the previous 25 years. This earthquake caused nearly 2,000 deaths and 3,000 injuries; 26,000 homes were destroyed; 34,000 homes were damaged; and 190,000 people were left homeless. This report highlights results of a reconnaissance to investigate the damage and impacts to the various lifelines: water, railroads, highway systems, power systems, airports, and communications. The main geotechnical feature of this event was shaking induced landslides, rock falls, and subsidence associated with poorly compacted fills, steep cut slopes, and differential settlement at cut/fill interfaces.
Privatization is under attack. Beginning in the 1980s, thousands of failing state-owned enterprises worldwide have been turned over to the private sector. But public opinion has turned against privatization. A large political backlash has been brewing for some time, infused by accusations of corruption, abuse of market power, and neglect of the poor. What is the real record of privatization and are the criticisms justified? 'Privatization in Latin America' evaluates the empirical evidence on privatization in a region that has witnessed an extensive decline in the state's share of production over the past 20 years. The book is a compilation of recent studies that provide a comprehensive analysis of the record of and accusations against privatization, with important recommendations for the future. Seven countries are investigated: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. This book will be vital to anyone interested in the privatization debate but especially to those involved in civil service reform, corporate governance, economic policy, finance, and anticorruption efforts. 'Privatization is important but controversial. While economists typically favor it, others are skeptical. This book provides strong scientific evidence that privatization has been beneficial for many Latin American countries, although some privatizations failed and some groups in society lost out. As usual, the devil is in the details: how privatization is carried out and what reforms accompany it are crucial to its success. The book is definitely an invaluable contribution to the privatization debate.' --Oliver Hart, Andrew E. Furer Professor of Economics, Harvard University