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This book serves as a welcome addition to the better known "English Dictionary from Cawdrey to Johnson, 1604-1755," by Starnes & Noyes (new edition published by Benjamins 1991). Whereas Starnes & Noyes describe the history of English lexicography as an evolutionary progress-by-accumulation process, Professor Hayashi focuses on issues of method and theory, starting with John Palsgrave's "Lesclarissement de la langue francoyse" (1530), to John Walker's "A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language" (1791). This book also includes a detailed discussion of Dr. Johnson's influential "Dictionary of the English Language" (1755).
Laying the foundations for the first monolingual dictionaries of English, the sixteenth century in English lexicography is here shown to form a bridge between the glossarial compilations which had slowly evolved during the Middle Ages, and the more recognisably modern dictionary incorporating synonymy, illustrative citations and other standard features. The articles collected here treat general lexicography and dictionaries in this period, their uses, and the state of research in this field. The volume also covers a fascinating and diverse collection of lexicographers, from the well known - John Palsgrave, Thomas Cooper, Thomas Elyot and John Florio - to those about whom next to nothing is known - Richard Howlet, John Baret and Peter Levens.
Who compiles dictionaries and other reference works? Which are used by whom? How do they achieve their purpose? Lexicography is a very important subject and the product of lexicography, the Dictionary, is a valuable resource in language learning. Teaching and Researching Lexicography explains the relations between lexicographic practice (dictionary-making) and theory (dictionary research), with special reference to the perspectives of: * dictionary history * dictionary criticism * dictionary typology * dictionary structure * dictionary use The final section of the book contains a variety of useful resources, including relevant related websites, a glossary of terms and a bibliography of cited dictionaries. This section can also be found on the Teaching and Researching Lexicography companion web-site. Written in a highly accessible style, Teaching and Researching Lexicography provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date and international coverage of this field in English, and will be of great interest to lexicographers, language teachers and applied linguists.
Three major developments in English lexicography took place during the seventeenth century: the emergence of the first free standing monolingual English dictionaries; the making of new kinds of English lexicons that investigated dialect or etymology or that keyed English to invented 'philosophical' languages; and the massive expansion of bilingual lexicography, which not only placed English alongside the European vernaculars but also handled the languages of the new world. The essays in this volume discuss not only the internal history of lexicography but also its wider relationships with culture and society.
In the literature on English lexicography there have been few attempts at a systematic study of the history of popular dictionaries that have been around for many years in English-speaking countries. A dictionary like Chambers deserves special attention because of its long tradition that goes back to the nineteenth century. Although it has gone through numerous editions, its history has received little attention from scholars. The book traces the development of the Chambers Dictionary from its origins to the present time by comparing corresponding parts of successive editions of the dictionary. This comparative approach aims to determine major trends in the evolution of the dictionary. It will provide scholars and interested students with insights into the Chambers lexicographers’ work, the goals they aimed to achieve, and the problems they had to face when revising the dictionary.
Lexiographica. Series Maior features monographs and edited volumes on the topics of lexicography and meta-lexicography. Works from the broader domain of lexicology are also included, provided they strengthen the theoretical, methodological and empirical basis of lexicography and meta-lexicography. The almost 150 books published in the series since its founding in 1984 clearly reflect the main themes and developments of the field. The publications focus on aspects of lexicography such as micro- and macrostructure, typology, history of the discipline, and application-oriented lexicographical documentation.
This unique work challenges the assumption that dictionaries act as objective records of our language, and instead argues that the English dictionary is a fundamentally ethnocentric work. Using theoretical, historical and empirical analyses, Phil Benson shows how English dictionaries have filtered knowledge through predominantly Anglo-American perspectives. The book includes a major case study of the most recent edition of the Oxford English Dictionary and its treatment of China.
This book analyses Noah Webster's and Samuel Johnson's use of verbal examples in their dictionaries as a means of giving guidance on word usage. The author's major interest lies in elucidating how uniquely Webster, who was originally a grammarian, made use of verbal examples. In order to achieve this purpose, the author provides chapters based on types of entry words in their functional contexts. Johnson's selection of sources of citations and the frequency of his quoting citations tended to vary strongly according to the type of entry word; he also supplied invented examples rather than citations when he thought it especially necessary to clarify the use of a word. By contrast, with the exception of biblical ones, almost all of Webster's citations were taken from Johnson's »Dictionary«. However, Webster significantly made full use of such citations to express his view on word usage, which differs essentially from Johnson's. Besides, Webster had a strong tendency to quote phrases and sentences from the Bible for the same purpose.
Sir Thomas Elyot's Latin-English dictionary became the leading work of its kind. Gabriele Stein examines its principles, methods, and organization, and the texts and authors Elyot used as sources. She considers the book's impact on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century dictionaries and assesses its place in Renaissance lexicography.
This volume contains papers on linguistic historiography ranging chronologically from ancient Greece to the present, and covering philosophical, social and political aspects of language as well as the study of grammar in the narrow sense. The work opens with the report on a round-table discussion of problems in translating ancient grammatical texts. The remainder of the volume is arranged in chronological sections, with contributions as follows. II. Classical and Medieval; III. Seventeenth Century; IV. Eighteenth Century; V. Nineteenth Century; VI. Twentieth Century.