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This book is the result of a joint research effort led by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and involving the Royal Scientific Society of Jordan, the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the Palestine Health Council. It discusses opportunities for enhancement of water supplies and avoidance of overexploitation of water resources in the Middle East. Based on the concept that ecosystem goods and services are essential to maintaining water quality and quantity, the book emphasizes conservation, improved use of current technologies, and water management approaches that are compatible with environmental quality.
This book contains 14 separately authored chapters on the pricing of irrigation water. The chapters are entitled: (1) Water pricing in irrigation: the lifetime of an idea; (2) Water pricing in irrigation: mapping the debate in the light of experience; (3) Why is agricultural water demand unresponsive at low price ranges; (4) Get the prices right: a model of water prices and irrigation efficiency in Maharashtra, India; (5) Thailand's free water: rationale for a water charge and policy shifts; (6) Water rights and water fees in rural Tanzania; (7) Who will pay for water? The Vietnamese State's dilemma of decentralization of water management in the Red River Delta; (8) Water pricing in Haryana, India; (9) The energy-irrigation nexus in South Asia: groundwater conservation and power sector viability; (10) Wells and canals in Jordan: can pricing policies regulate irrigation water use; (11) Water pricing in Tadla, Morocco; (12) Water pricing policies and recent reforms in China: the conflict between conservation and other policy goals; (13) Water pricing and irrigation: a review of the European experience; and (14) Policy-driven determinants of irrigation development and environmental sustainability: a case study in Spain.
Foreword -- Preface -- Acronyms & units of measurement -- Introduction to the inventory -- Shared water resources in Western Asia -- Key findings -- Overview & methodology: Surface water -- Euphrates River Basin -- Shared tributaries of the Euphrates River -- Tigris River Basin -- Shared tributaries of the Tigris River -- Shatt al Arab, Karkheh and Karun Rivers -- Jordan River Basin -- Orontes River Basin -- Nahr El Kabir Basin -- Qweik River Basin -- Overview & methodology: Groundwater -- Saq-Ram Aquifer System (West) -- Wajid Aquifer System -- Tawila-Mahra/Cretaceous Sands: Wasia-Biyadh-Aruma Aquifer System (South) -- Sakaka-Rutba: Wasia-Biyadh-Aruma Aquifer System (North) -- Rub'al Khali: Umm er Radhuma-Dammam Aquifer System (South) -- Gulf Umm er Radhuma-Dammam Aquifer System (Centre) -- Widyan-Salman: Umm er Radhuma-Dammam Aquifer System (North) -- Wadi Sirhan Basin: Tawil-Quaternary Aquifer System -- Anti-Lebanon -- Western Aquifer Basin -- Coastal Aquifer Basin -- Yarmouk Basin: Basalt Aquifer System (West) -- Azraq-Dhuleil Basin: Basalt Aquifer System (South) -- Taurus-Zagros -- Jezira Tertiary Limestone Aquifer System -- Jezira Basin: Neogene Aquifer System (North-West): Upper and Lower Fars -- Dibdibba Delta Basin Neogene Aquifer System (South-East): Dibdibba-Kuwait Group
This book presents the results of the Interdisciplinary Research Group "Society – Water – Technology" of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. It describes interdisciplinary evaluation criteria for major water engineering projects (MWEPs) and portrays an application to the Lower Jordan Valley (Middle East) and the Fergana Valley (Central Asia). Both areas are characterised by transboundary conflicts, by challenges due to demographic and climate change and by political and societal pressures. Based on the findings, the book provides recommendations for science and political decisions makers as well as for international financing institutions. In addition, it outlines research gaps from an interdisciplinary perspective. In the past, MWEPs have been used as an instrument to cope with the demands of growing populations and to enhance development progress. Experiences with MWEPs have shown that a purely technical approach has not always brought about the desired results. In many cases, MWEPs have even resulted in negative implications for society and environment. Therefore, improved management strategies and enhanced technologies for a sustainable water resource management system are a prerequisite to meet present and future challenges. And, moreover, the continuous evaluation and optimisation of these measures is, likewise, a must.
First published in 1998. This volume contains papers from The Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme which has been an excellent collaborative venture between Jordan’s Higher Council for Science and Technology and the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) of London. It has brought together numerous Jordanian and British scientists, as well as those of other nations, to study a wide variety of aspects of the physical and human environment with a view towards sustainable development.
Water, an essential resource in all cultures, is at the heart of human power structures. Utilizing a diverse range of theoretical perspectives, the contributors to Water and Power in Past Societies provide a broad introduction to the archaeology of water-related power structures. The studies herein explore the long history of water politics in human society, offering new insights into the power structures and inequalities surrounding irrigation systems, the collection of rainwater as a component of ancient industrial production, and sea water as a facilitator of communication, trade, and aggression. In addition to examining the role of different types of water in creating power relationships, the volume presents case studies from a variety of climatic regions, ranging from the very dry to the tropical. This geographical breadth facilitates cross-cultural comparison, making Water and Power in Past Societies an essential resource for instructors and students of the archaeology of water. Finally, in addition to reaching conclusions with significant implications for archaeologists and anthropologists, the volume has real contemporary relevance, often drawing explicit parallels with issues of current and future water management.