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Excerpt from The Smoke Problem of Great Cities Much of the work which is represented by the pages of this volume has been done with a view to successive reports of a Committee for the Investigation of Atmospheric Pollution, appointed in 1912 in order to give effect to the wishes of a conference held in London in connection with a smoke-abatement exhibition in that year. The committee was purely voluntary; originally it relied to a considerable extent upon the good offices of the Lancet, which had not only facilities in regard to publication but also a laboratory which was then in charge of the late Mr. S. A. Vasey, himself a member of the committee. He was very helpful in finding a way through the difficult questions of the chemical analysis of the large bottles of dirty water which represented a month's material for investigation. The other active members of the committee were Dr. Des Voeux, treasurer of the Coal Smoke Abatement Society, Mr. J. G. Clarke, F.C.S., Dr. R. Lessing, F.C.S., all of London, Mr. J. B. C. Kershaw, of Manchester, and Bailie W. Smith, of Glasgow. Some of these names were already well-known, and have now become still better known, in connection with the smoke problem of great cities, but the question referred to the committee was limited to the investigation of the amount and nature of atmospheric pollution "for its own sake," to adopt a phrase that, by long use, has acquired a sort of scientific implication. The reader must therefore exonerate our colleagues on the committee from responsibility for anything outside the limits of purely scientific inquiry which may be found in these pages. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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A history of the politics of air pollution.
The work in your hand contains three main chapters, covering the chemistry of the condensed phase in the atmosphere, first, the different forms of atmospheric waters (precipitation, fog and clouds, dew), and secondly dust, now mostly termed particulate matter and, more scientifically, atmospheric aerosol. A third section treats the gases in the atmosphere. An introductory chapter covers the roots of the term atmospheric chemistry in its relations to chemistry in general and biogeochemistry as the chemistry of the climate system. Furthermore, a brief overview of understanding chemical reactions in aqueous and gaseous phase is given. It is my aim to pay respect to all persons who studied the substances in the air, to those who made small, and to them who made giant contributions for the progress in atmospheric science. I’m not a historian who is able to present the past from a true perspective of their time – this also would not be my aim. If possible, however, I try to interpret the past – almost limited to experimental fi ndings in the nineteenth century – through current values, without dismissal of the problems and ideas of earlier scientists. In this way it is possible to draw some ideas on the historical chemical state of the air. Hence, I name this voyage critical. However, nowhere in this book it is my attention to express my criticism to colleagues and scientifi c ancestors. Great scientists too were subject to errors; doing science consists from the permanent loop observation, interpretation, conclusion, and again testing against new observation. If this volume can contribute more than to be “a nice story” on atmospheric chemistry, then hopefully it inspires the reader to more critical reading of scientifi c publications, and, not to forget the older one.
Working-class Britons played a crucial role in the pioneering settlement and integration of South Asians in imperial Britain. Using a host of new and neglected sources, Imperial Heartland revises the history of early South Asian immigration to Britain, focusing on the northern English city of Sheffield. Rather than viewing immigration through the lens of inevitable conflict, this study takes an alternative approach, situating mixed marriages and inter-racial social networks centrally within the South Asian settlement of modern Britain. Whilst acknowledging the episodic racial conflict of the early inter-war period, David Holland challenges assumptions that insurmountable barriers of race, religion and culture existed between the British working classes and non-white newcomers. Imperial Heartland closely examines the reactions of working-class natives to these young South Asian men and overturns our pre-conceptions that hostility to perceived racial or national difference was an overriding pre-occupation of working-class people during this period. Imperial Heartland therefore offers a fresh and inspiring new perspective on the social and cultural history of modern Britain.
Provides a general account of the factors which cause decay of building stones and a summary of the best methods to reduce the incidence of decay. It discusses weathering associated with natural defects inherent in stone and examines issues of weathering caused by bad workmanship or errors in the selection of material. Decay through chemical and natural physical phenomena are discussed in detail. The final sections offer useful advice on how to prevent long term decay through appropriate repair, replacement and cleaning of stone.