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Thirteenth century could be the perfect time for invading politically divided Europe. One of the main powers of the continent which were Holy Roman Empire, Papacy, Hungarian Kingdom and Poland had strong conflicts among each other. During the Mongol Invasion, there were power struggle between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. and the Papacy in Europe. To Central Eastern Europe, Hungarian Kingdom and Poland had internal struggles. Also, Poland divided to four principality, Hungarian Kingdom had economic problems therefore, the King did not have absolute control on his Barons at the country. This study aims to reveal the effects of Mongol Invasion on the Hungarian Kingdom in the following sections: Mongol history, military structure and their expeditions to Europe. Hungarian history, the conquest of Carpathian Basin, the Christianization of the Hungarians and the Golden Bull which was important for Hungarian internal affairs. Also, The Medieval European military structure during the Mongol Invasion period. Battle of Móhi. Also, situation of the Hungarian Kingdom after the Mongol Invasion and the effects of the Battle of Móhi.
Presents a comprehensive A-to-Z reference to the empire that once encompassed large parts of the modern-day Middle East, North Africa, and southeastern Europe.
Kaya Şahin's book offers a revisionist reading of Ottoman history during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent (1520–66). By examining the life and works of a bureaucrat, Celalzade Mustafa, Şahin argues that the empire was built as part of the Eurasian momentum of empire building and demonstrates the imperial vision of sixteenth-century Ottomans. This unique study shows that, in contrast with many Eurocentric views, the Ottomans were active players in European politics, with an imperial culture in direct competition with that of the Habsburgs and the Safavids. Indeed, this book explains Ottoman empire building with reference to the larger Eurasian context, from Tudor England to Mughal India, contextualizing such issues as state formation, imperial policy and empire building in the period more generally. Şahin's work also devotes significant attention to the often-ignored religious dimension of the Ottoman-Safavid struggle, showing how the rivalry redefined Sunni and Shiite Islam, laying the foundations for today's religious tensions.
The Sultans of the Ottoman Dynasty ruled over a vast transcontinental empire for more than six centuries. Of the thirty-six Ottoman Sultans emerged extraordinary commanders, brilliant statesmen, highly talented sportsmen, masterful musicians, distinguished calligraphers, notable poets, and renowned composers. This book illustrates these men.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Social Sciences is a collection of essays on educational issues confronting educators and researchers from three continents (Africa, Asia, and Europe). The essays are grouped into three sections. The first, “Human Resources Management”, discusses issues such as consumer innovativeness, employee expectations, enterprise competitiveness, the global economy, human resources, internet advertising, job performance, the labour market, privatisation policies, profitability, transformational leadership, and work behaviour. The second part, “International Relations”, encompasses topics such as administrative reforms, elections, EU enlargement, mass media, migration, nationalism, and totalitarian thought, while the third, “Sociology”, looks at divorce, everyday life practices, the family structure, feminism, gender issues, the legalisation of prostitution, and women’s rights. The book will appeal to educators, researchers, and students involved in social sciences.
The Ottoman Army had a significant effect on the history of the modern world and particularly on that of the Middle East and Europe. This study, written by a Turkish and an American scholar, is a revision and corrective to western accounts because it is based on Turkish interpretations, rather than European interpretations, of events. As the world's dominant military machine from 1300 to the mid-1700's, the Ottoman Army led the way in military institutions, organizational structures, technology, and tactics. In decline thereafter, it nevertheless remained a considerable force to be counted in the balance of power through 1918. From its nomadic origins, it underwent revolutions in military affairs as well as several transformations which enabled it to compete on favorable terms with the best of armies of the day. This study tracks the growth of the Ottoman Army as a professional institution from the perspective of the Ottomans themselves, by using previously untapped Ottoman source materials. Additionally, the impact of important commanders and the role of politics, as these affected the army, are examined. The study concludes with the Ottoman legacy and its effect on the Republic and modern Turkish Army. This is a study survey that combines an introductory view of this subject with fresh and original reference-level information. Divided into distinct periods, Uyar and Erickson open with a brief overview of the establishment of the Ottoman Empire and the military systems that shaped the early military patterns. The Ottoman army emerged forcefully in 1453 during the siege of Constantinople and became a dominant social and political force for nearly two hundred years following Mehmed's capture of the city. When the army began to show signs of decay during the mid-seventeenth century, successive Sultans actively sought to transform the institution that protected their power. The reforms and transformations that began frist in 1606successfully preserved the army until the outbreak of the Ottoman-Russian War in 1876. Though the war was brief, its impact was enormous as nationalistic and republican strains placed increasing pressure on the Sultan and his army until, finally, in 1918, those strains proved too great to overcome. By 1923, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk emerged as the leader of a unified national state ruled by a new National Parliament. As Uyar and Erickson demonstrate, the old army of the Sultan had become the army of the Republic, symbolizing the transformation of a dying empire to the new Turkish state make clear that throughout much of its existence, the Ottoman Army was an effective fighting force with professional military institutions and organizational structures.
The social history of medicine in the Ottoman Empire and the historic Middle East is told in rich detail for the first time in English. Accessible and engaging, Ottoman Medicine sheds light on the work and power of medical practitioners in the Ottoman world. The enduring significance and fascinating history of Ottoman medicine emerge through a consideration of its medical ethics, troubled relationship with religion, standards of professionalism, bureaucratization and health systems management, and the extent of state control. Of interest to healthcare providers, healers, and patients, this book helps us better understand and appreciate the medical practices of non-Western societies.
Collection of papers on ritualistics in religion, including the study of shamans in various cultures, the Norse myths and Scandinavian rituals.
This is the book of abstracts for the Migration Conference 2020, 8 to 11 September. We’re pleased to welcome you to the 8th Migration Conference. The Migration Conference 2020 is held online via Microsoft Teams platform due to COVID-19 Pandemic restrictions. We have as usual covering a wide array of topics in this year’s edition too. There are about 350 presentations and debates running over 4 days from 8th to 11th September 2020. We have tried to address the time zone differences by moving sessions towards mid-day and grouping presentations, where possible, according to time zones. However, we believe this is not perfect to accommodate hundreds of colleagues from Brazil to Japan, and Australia to Canada. PLEASE NOTE all times are GMT+1 British Summer Time (BST). MS Teams will normally show the times according to your computers local time. Our all-women keynote speakers line up this year features Nissa Finney, Jelena Dzankic, Martina Cvajner, Elli Heikkila, Agnes Igoye, and Helén Nilsson. Although the main language of the conference is English, this year we will have linguistic diversity as usual and there will also be some sessions in Spanish and Turkish. We thank all participants, invited speakers and conference committees for their efforts and contribution. We are particularly grateful to hundreds of colleagues who served as reviewers and helped the selection process.