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Tertullian (c. AD 160 - 225) was one of the first theologians of the Western Church & ranks among the most prominent of the early Latin fathers. His wide-ranging literary output offers a valuable insight into the Christian Church at a crucial stage in its development.
WE are accustomed, for the purpose of shortening argument, to lay down the rule against heretics of the lateness of their date. For in as far as by our rule, priority is given to the truth, which also foretold that there would be heresies, in so far must all later opinions be prejudged as heresies, being such as were, by the more ancient rule of truth, predicted as (one day) to happen. Now, the doctrine of Hermogenes has this taint of novelty. He is, in short, a man living in the world at the present time; by his very nature a heretic, and turbulent withal, who mistakes loquacity for eloquence, and supposes impudence to be firmness, and judges it to be the duty of a good conscience to speak ill of individuals. Moreover, he despises God’s law in his painting, maintaining repeated marriages, alleges the law of God in defence of lust, and yet despises it in respect of his art. He falsities by a twofold process—with his cautery and his pen. He is a thorough adulterer, both doctrinally and carnally, since he is rank indeed with the contagion of your marriage-hacks, and has also failed in cleaving to the rule of faith as much as the apostle’s own Hermogenes. However, never mind the man, when it is his doctrine which I question. He does not appear to acknowledge any other Christ as Lord, though he holds Him in a different way; but by this difference in his faith he really makes Him another being,—nay, he takes from Him everything which is God, since he will not have it that He made all things of nothing. For, turning away from Christians to the philosophers, from the Church to the Academy and the Porch, he learned there from the Stoics how to place Matter (on the same level) with the Lord, just as if it too had existed ever both unborn and unmade, having no beginning at all nor end, out of which, according to him, the Lord afterwards created all things.
“Wealth without work Pleasure without conscience Science without humanity Knowledge without character Politics without principle Commerce without morality Worship without sacrifice. https://vidjambov.blogspot.com/2023/01/book-inventory-vladimir-djambov-talmach.html Apologetic Activity The time of Tertullian's ministry was a time of the most difficult trials for the Church. Christians were persecuted, they were hated, humiliated, beaten, tortured, tortured, killed. And Tertullian, sparing no energy, fearing neither scammers, nor judges, nor tormentors and executioners, spoke out in defense of Christianity so resolutely that it remains to be astonished how, in his entire life, he never ended up in prison and torture. And this despite the fact that he did not hide from persecution, but, as if challenging them, turned to the offenders in the most harsh, rough, and sometimes offensive words. Thus, he called the persecutors of the Church fierce ignoramuses, defilers of holy things; ridiculed pagan cults and mysteries, stigmatized idols and idols; threatened with the Judgment of God's Truth, the cup of God's wrath. At the same time, his apologetic works were filled with clear theological and logical argumentation. In times of persecution, it often happened that Christians were not killed immediately after being exposed as belonging to the Church, but were subjected to terrible beatings and torture, wanting to force them to publicly renounce Christ, to offer sacrifices to pagan gods, and to be defiled with sacrificial blood. Categorically objecting to such violence, Tertullian explained to the executioners that if the pagan gods existed in reality, then they would be pleased not with feigned, but with voluntary sacrifices, unless, of course, their gods were litigious. In addition, as a means of protection, he often used provisions from the field of law (this was reflected in his good legal preparedness). Calling on common sense, Tertullian noticed that criminals are tortured not so that they refuse to be involved in atrocities, but in order to give truthful confessions, rather than confess to their crimes. Christians, on the contrary, are tortured with the aim that they refuse to call themselves Christians: that is, they refuse to recognize themselves as criminals and guilty of breaking the law. He saw this as absurd. Tertullian countered the accusations of Christians of violating moral norms, hatred of power, including the emperor, with arguments that refuted the arguments of the accusing party, explained and showed that not Christians, but pagans themselves lead a vicious life, incite hatred in society; Christians are in love and prayer. In addition to defending Christianity from pagans, Tertullian also defended it from attacks by Jewish fanatics. ... Creative Legacy Tertullian left behind a large number of writings. Some of them, such as: Apologetics, To the Gentiles, To the Scapula, Against the Jews, etc., have an apologetic orientation. Others - Against Marcion in five books, Against Hermogenes, Against Praxeas, On Baptism, On the Testimony of the Soul, On the Prescription [Against] Heretics, Against Valentinians - dogmatic-polemical. Belonging to the third group of his works, moral and ascetic, are: On Repentance, On Prayer, On Chastity, On Patience, Epistle to the Wife, Epistle to the Martyrs, On the Attire of Women, etc. ... All doctrine which agrees with the apostolic churches, those nurseries and original depositories of faith, must be regarded as truth, and as undoubtedly constituting what the churches received from the Apostles, what the Apostles received from Christ, and what Christ received from God. – Prescription against Heretics 21 Table of Contents Apologetic. 3 Scorpiac, or the Antidote for Scorpion Remorse * 69 About Baptism... 99 On Prescription [Against] Heretics. 117 About the Testimony of the Soul 153 About the Soul 163 De Anima [Latin] 332 About Spectacles. 391 About Prayer. 421 About Repentance. 441 About Patience. 461 About Chastity. 481 About the Warrior's Crown. 499 Epistle to the Martyrs. 527 Biography. 535
A major reappraisal of the theology of the second-century Christian thinker, Tertullian.
Female habit carries with it a twofold idea--dress and ornament. By "dress" we mean what they call "womanly gracing;" by "ornament," what it is suitable should be called "womanly disgracing." The former is accounted (to consist) in gold, and silver, and gems, and garments; the latter in care of the hair, and of the skin, and of those parts of the body which attract the eye. Against the one we lay the charge of ambition, against the other of prostitution; so that even from this early stage (of our discussion) you may look forward and see what, out of (all) these, is suitable, handmaid of God, to your discipline, inasmuch as you are assessed on different principles (from other women), --those, namely, of humility and chastity.
This collection of representative works in early Latin theology includes works by Tertullian, Cyprian, Ambrose, and Jerome. Long recognized for the quality of its translations, introductions, explanatory notes, and indexes, the Library of Christian Classics provides scholars and students with modern English translations of some of the most significant Christian theological texts in history. Through these works--each written prior to the end of the sixteenth century--contemporary readers are able to engage the ideas that have shaped Christian theology and the church through the centuries.