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Under the auspices of the Louisiana State University Law School, Institute of Civil Law Studies and the Bailey lecture series.
Approximately 150 million people worldwide live in legal systems in which there is both a common law and a civil law content, yet there has been little comparative study of the experience of these 'mixed jurisdictions'. Here, the author considers these jurisdictions in a comparative framework, which includes their founding and raisons d'être, as well as the cultural divisions of the jurists and the evolutionary tendencies of their common and civil law components. In addition, he examines the internal contradictions between Anglo-American judicial institutions, methodologies and procedures, and the substantive civil law. The book argues that the legal systems of such far-flung and diverse cultures as the Philippines, Quebec, Scotland and South Africa have many unique and fruitful points of comparison. The conclusion is that these mixed jurisdictions form a closely related 'Third Legal Family' with cohesive traits and tendencies.
A Study of Mixed Legal Systems: Endangered, Entrenched, or Blended takes the reader on a fascinating voyage of discovery. It includes case studies of a number of systems from across the globe: Cyprus, Guyana, Jersey, Mauritius, Philippines, Quebec, St Lucia, Scotland, and Seychelles. Each combines its legal legacies in novel ways. Large and small, in Europe and beyond, some are sovereign, some part of larger political units. Some are monolingual, some bilingual, some multilingual. Along with an analytical introduction and conclusion, the chapters explore the manner in which the elements of these mixed systems may be seen to be ’entrenched’, ’endangered’, or ’blended’. It explores how this process of legal change happens, questions whether some systems are at greater risk than others, and details the strategies that have been adopted to accelerate or counteract change. The studies involve consideration of the colourful histories of the jurisdictions, of their complex relationships to parent legal systems and traditions, and of language, legal education and legal actors. The volume also considers whether the experiences of these systems can tell us something about legal mixtures and movements generally. Indeed, the volume will be helpful both for scholars and students with a special interest in mixed legal systems as well as anyone interested in comparative law and legal history, in the diversity and dynamism of law.
All legal systems are mixed: some more than others. There are covert mixtures and overt mixtures; stable mixtures and mixtures in transition. This book brings together a wide range of legal orders, some well known, some not so often studied. The analysis offered is far beyond a descriptive one, the general aim being to provide a basis for discussion by covering paths, methods and specific techniques, consequences and implications of legal migration. The newly emerging democracies of Eastern Europe, for example, are looking at the pool of models when re-designing their systems. Such systems in transition open up a whole new world of possibilities for research. The two final chapters on spectral jurisprudence and the conceptual search bring into focus and widen the analysis further.
The effect of Civil law doctrines of precedent on the process of formation and evolution of case law is examined. Unlike the Common law systems, Civil law jurisdictions do not adopt a stare decisis principle in adjudication. In deciding any given legal issue, precedents serve a persuasive role. Civil law courts are expected to take past decisions into account when there is a sufficient level of consistency in case law. Generally speaking, no single decision binds a court and no relevance is given to split jurisprudence. Once uniform case law develops, courts treat precedents as a source of "soft" law, taking them into account when reaching a decision. The higher the level of uniformity in past precedents, the greater the persuasive force of case law. Although Civil law jurisdictions do not allow dissenting judges to attach a dissent to a majority opinion, cases that do not conform to the dominant trend serve as a signal of dissent among the judiciary. These cases influence future decisions in varying ways in different legal traditions. Judges may also be influenced by recent jurisprudential trends and fads in case law. The evolution of case law under these doctrines of precedents is modeled, considering the possibility for consolidation, corrosion and stability of legal rules. The effect of different doctrines of precedent on the patterns of evolution of the legal system is studied.
This book aims to provide original views on and insight into mixed legal systems in general, and some mixed legal systems and ongoing mixes in particular. The hope is that the analyses to be found in the eleven contributions will be helpful for all who have a general interest in comparative law and a special interest in mixed legal systems.
This examination of the mixed jurisdiction experience makes use of an innovative cross-comparative methodology to provide a wealth of detail on each of the nine countries studied. It identifies the deep resemblances and salient traits of this legal family and the broad analytical overview highlights the family links while providing a detailed individual treatment of each country which reveals their individual personalities. This updated second edition includes two new countries (Botswana and Malta) and the appendices explore all other mixed jurisdictions and contain a special report on Cameroon.
A central puzzle in jurisprudence has been the role of custom in law. Custom is simply the practices and usages of distinctive communities. But are such customs legally binding? Can custom be law, even before it is recognized by authoritative legislation or precedent? And, assuming that custom is a source of law, what are its constituent elements? Is proof of a consistent and long-standing practice sufficient, or must there be an extra ingredient - that the usage is pursued out of a sense of legal obligation, or, at least, that the custom is reasonable and efficacious? And, most tantalizing of all, is custom a source of law that we should embrace in modern, sophisticated legal systems, or is the notion of law from below outdated, or even dangerous, today? This volume answers these questions through a rigorous multidisciplinary, historical, and comparative approach, offering a fresh perspective on custom's enduring place in both domestic and international law.