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Evidence generated by a number of genetic studies indicates that growth is regulated by a number of genes and that interference with their expression can have catastrophic effects on the well being of the whole organism. This work covers skeletal development and growth.
Over recent years, there has been increasing interest in the fundamental role played by local mechanical parameters in chondrocyte regulation and cartilage dysfunction as a first step in the development of osteoarthritis. This is how the idea of mechanobiology and the concept of mechanotransduction were born in the 90's. Indeed, a broad diversity of physiological phenomena is induced by mechanical stimuli (hearing, orientation to gravity, touch, tissue remodeling...) but the mechanism by which mechanical forces may regulate a physiological response is still unknown. In other respects, the concept of regenerative medicine has recently developed in parallel to this. Regenerative medicine is an emerging multidisciplinary field involving medicine, biology, chemistry, mechanics and engineering that is likely to revolutionize the ways we improve the health and quality of life by restoring, maintaining or enhancing tissue and organ functions. Indeed, human tissues do not regenerate spontaneously and healing is only a stopgap that may be associated with contraction which in turn may prevent regeneration. interesting alternative. Today, the in vitro preparation of biological tissues such as cartilage, bone, tendon, vessel, heart muscle, skin, brings out major expectations for the next decade. However, to each type of tissue correspond a large number of potential methods related to the support, the cells used (tissular cells or stem cells) and to the conditions of the environment (culture medium and mechanical forces). The aim of this publication is to provide a thoughtful and balanced view on new crucial concepts with clinical implications.
Bone Pathology is the second edition of the book, A Compendium of Skeletal Pathology that published 10 years ago. Similar to the prior edition, this book complements standard pathology texts and blends new but relatively established information on the molecular biology of the bone. Serving as a bench-side companion to the surgical pathologist, this new edition reflects new advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of bone. New chapters on soft-tissue sarcomas and soft-tissue tumors have been added as well as several additional chapters such as Soft-tissue pathology and Biomechanics. The volume is written by experts who are established in the field of musculoskeletal diseases. Bone Pathology is a combined effort from authors of different specialties including surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and basic scientists all of whom have in common an interest in bone diseases. It will be of great value to surgical pathology residents as well as practicing pathologists, skeletal radiologists, orthopedic surgeons and medical students.
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is a widely expressed growth factor with diverse effects on many tissues throughout development and in adult life. The purpose of this work is to provide detailed and updated information on the role of the growth hormone (GH)-IGF axis in fetal and postnatal development, as well as its physiological functions and implications in pathology.
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
This book is written as a comprehensive guide for residents and young orthopaedic surgeons embarking on research, especially for those doing so for the very first time. It is specially designed to cater to the needs of trainees in the region preparing their theses for masters or fellowship degrees in orthopaedic surgery.It provides a detailed insight on the importance of strategic planning, organisational ability, resourcefulness, innovativeness and creativity to produce good research. Even more crucial is the necessity to have dedication, perseverance and strong commitment to pursue research. Infra-structural, technical, manpower and funding support are equally important. It describes how the investigator must plan his research well and outlines the strategies he could adopt to write an application for the much needed research grant.The book presents the basic methodology for animal experimentation research, histological techniques, biomechanical testing, microvascular surgery and cell culture techniques including tissue engineering. Also featured are the latest developments in the various clinical sub-specialties in orthopaedics & reconstructive surgery: spine, hip, knee, paediatrics, hand and oncology, highlighting research opportunities in the various clinical disciplines that could be explored. It ends with a guide on how to write the finished product — an article for a journal or a thesis/dissertation for a post-graduate examination. The final chapter outlines how total objective evaluation of a young researcher's output should be conducted.
This book explains the anatomy and physiology of cartilage tissue in an integrated way. The emphasis is on how cartilage tissue functions and maintains homeostasis in a challenging mechanical environment. Supported by hundreds of references, the book posts new hypotheses explaining how cartilage adapts and achieves homeostasis in vivo, and tests them against available data. This exploratory approach creates a sense of discovery that the reader can join, or perhaps test themselves through their own research. The main benefit will be obtained by research students and professors looking to understand the deeper concepts that will further their own research, or clinicians (including health professionals and surgeons) who want to gain a deeper physiological understanding of cartilage tissue, which can then serve as a basis for more rational clinical decision-making they need to make on a daily basis. To help bridge the gap between basic science and clinically relevant joint disease, applications and interpretations of key physiological concepts are discussed in the context of osteoarthritis at the end of most chapters.
In Volume 25, leading experts present studies on the value of increased ascorbic acid intake and explore its specific contributions to human and animal health.
This book provides an introductory overview of advancements in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), focusing on current technologies and methods, new challenges and controversies, and avenues for further research. With many studies demonstrating a role for PRP in improving response to injury, this book aims to facilitate the application of this rapidly growing treatment option for trauma patients. Platelet Rich Plasma in Musculoskeletal Practice is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing scientific and clinical insight for specialists who utilize PRP in daily practice, and for readers who are seeking to learn more about this effective injury treatment.
This book describes in detail the multidisciplinary management of osteoporosis, providing readers with a thorough understanding of the rationale for a multidisciplinary approach and with the tools required to implement it effectively. The emphasis is on a translational approach, starting from basic concepts and fundamental mechanisms of the pathology and clinical morbidity. Experts in the field discuss the full range of relevant topics, including the significance of physical activity, nutritional strategies, and pharmacological treatment. Put another way, the book covers all aspects from the bench to the bedside. Physicians, scientists, and postgraduate students will all find it to be invaluable in understanding the causes and optimal management of osteoporosis, the incidence of which is increasing rapidly as populations age.