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The Wales Office and the Welsh Assembly Government must ensure UK digital inclusion initiatives meet Welsh needs and build on existing good work to deliver on Welsh digital ambitions, says the Welsh Affairs Committee in a report published today. This report "Digital Inclusion in Wales", examines the use of digital technologies in Wales, highlights the urgent need for the eradication of broadband ’notspots' - areas with limited or no access to high speed internet connections - and says this issue must continue to receive priority attention. There should be more support to help a wider range of people use technology effectively. Employers told the Committee they need staff with better IT skills and more training opportunities. The Committee recommends the Welsh Assembly Government explicitly includes this issue in its digital inclusion strategy. The digital inclusion agenda is a complex mix of reserved and devolved matters. This brings a risk that key issues can be overlooked, for example no account has been taken of Welsh language speakers' needs in the Government's Digital Inclusion Action Plan. The Secretary of State for Wales must ensure that bodies in Wales across all sectors are fully engaged with initiatives and that the next stage of Digital Britain adequately reflects Welsh needs. Higher education institutions also have a vital role to play and should be involved in any new research opportunities. The Welsh Assembly already has successful digital inclusion projects in Wales and it should find a way to become fully involved with the UK digital inclusion and Digital Britain work so it does not miss out on policy developments and funding opportunities. The Committee also recommends the creation of a one-stop shop providing advice on the risks for young people using technology, and commends the Assembly's work tackling internet related crimes which it says should be promoted as part of the economic development strategy in Wales.
Risk has become one of the main topics in fields as diverse as engineering, medicine and economics, and it is also studied by social scientists, psychologists and legal scholars. But the topic of risk also leads to more fundamental questions such as: What is risk? What can decision theory contribute to the analysis of risk? What does the human perception of risk mean for society? How should we judge whether a risk is morally acceptable or not? Over the last couple of decades questions like these have attracted interest from philosophers and other scholars into risk theory. This handbook provides for an overview into key topics in a major new field of research. It addresses a wide range of topics, ranging from decision theory, risk perception to ethics and social implications of risk, and it also addresses specific case studies. It aims to promote communication and information among all those who are interested in theoetical issues concerning risk and uncertainty. This handbook brings together internationally leading philosophers and scholars from other disciplines who work on risk theory. The contributions are accessibly written and highly relevant to issues that are studied by risk scholars. We hope that the Handbook of Risk Theory will be a helpful starting point for all risk scholars who are interested in broadening and deepening their current perspectives.
Using several recently available global datasets, this Staff Discussion Note examines macroeconomic effects of financial inclusion. It finds significant benefits to economic growth from financial inclusion, but the benefits diminish as financial inclusion and depth become large. Broadening access to credit can compromise economic and bank stability in countries with weak bank supervision. Other forms of financial inclusion—such as access to and use of bank accounts, branches, and ATMs—do not hurt stability, and can be promoted extensively. The note finds that gaps in financial inclusion are associated with economic inequality, but the association appears relatively weak.
"The population of many nations around the world are becoming increasingly diverse (Stone-Romero, Stone, & Salas, 2003). For example, recent reports estimate that by 2060 the U. S. will become a majority minority nation (i.e., ethnic minorities including African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans will represent the majority of the population) (U. S. Bureau of Census, 2019). As a result, many U. S. and worldwide organizations will employ large number of ethnic minority group members, and will face numerous challenges associated with attracting, motivating, and retaining employees who are culturally diverse. In view of the growing cultural diversity in worldwide organizations, the primary goals of this issue are to (a) advance theory and research on diversity and inclusion in organizations, (b) present new theoretical frameworks to foster future research, and (c) consider a variety of diversity-related issues that have key implications for research and practice. It includes twelve very interesting articles that focus on an array of diversity-related issues including multiculturalism, gender, stereotypes of racial minorities, effect sizes in diversity research, diversity training, LGBT issues, age, and racial harassment, etc. For example, the first article by Dianna Stone, James Dulebohn, and Kimberly Lukaszewski discusses how differences in the cultural values of four U. S. ethnic minority groups (e.g., African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans) will influence HR policies and practices. The second article by George Dreher, Aarti Ramaswami, and Thomas Dougherty focuses on a very important issue, and considers the extent to which a life partner can act as a career catalyst (or inhibitor) and contribute to women's career attainment. The next article by Eugene Stone-Romero, Dianna Stone, Mark Hartman, and Megumi Hosoda examines the stereotypes of six ethnic groups (e.g., African-American, Mexican-American, Native American, etc.). Their results are intriguing and revealed that Anglo-Americans, Chinese-Americans, Native-Americans, and East Indian Americans were viewed most positively whereas African-American and Mexican American were viewed most negatively"--
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This proceedings book presents a multidisciplinary perspective on risk and risk management. Featuring selected papers presented at the European Risk Research Network (ERRN) 8th European Risk Conference “Multiple Perspectives in Risk and Risk Management” held in Katowice, Poland, it explores topics such as risk management systems, risk behaviors, risk culture, big data and risk reporting and regulation. The contributors adopt a wide variety of theoretical approaches and either qualitative or quantitative methodologies. Contemporary companies operate in a highly dynamic environment, accompanied by the constant development of the information technology, making decision-making processes highly complex and increasing the risk related to company performance. The European Risk Research Network (ERRN) was established in 2006 with the aim of stimulating cross-disciplinary research in the area of risk management. The network includes academics and industry experts from the fields of accounting, auditing, financial economics and mathematical finance. To keep the network lively and fruitful, regular “European Risk Conferences” are organized to present papers from a broad spectrum of risk and risk management areas. Featuring contributions for Italy, South Africa, Germany and Poland, this proceedings book is a valuable reference resource for students, academics, and practitioners in risk and risk management
It is over 40 years since we began to reflect upon risk in a more social than technological and economic fashion, firstly making sense of the gap between expert and public assessment of risks, such as to our health and environment. With fixed certainties of the past eroded and the technological leaps of ‘big data’, ours is truly an age of risk, uncertainty and probability - from Google’s algorithms to the daily management of personal lifestyle risks. Academic reflection and research has kept pace with these dizzying developments but remains an intellectually fragmented field, shaped by professional imperatives and disciplinary boundaries, from risk analysis to regulation and social research. This is the first attempt to draw together and define risk studies, through a definitive collection written by the leading scholars in the field. It will be an indispensable resource for the many scholars, students and professionals engaging with risk but lacking a resource to draw it all together.
‘Environmental Problem-Solving' presents short excerpts from carefully selected readings, expert commentaries on those readings, assignments, and the best MIT student responses to the assignments and exam questions with excellent student response. The book presents four main models of environmental policy-making: competing theories of environmental ethics; tools for environmental assessment and environmental decision-making; and techniques for public engagement and group decision-making. The book covers the material presented in the semester-long course required of all students enrolled in MIT’s Environmental Policy and Planning Specialization.
Handbook of Digital Finance and Financial Inclusion: Cryptocurrency, FinTech, InsurTech, Regulation, ChinaTech, Mobile Security, and Distributed Ledger explores recent advances in digital banking and cryptocurrency, emphasizing mobile technology and evolving uses of cryptocurrencies as financial assets. Contributors go beyond summaries of standard models to describe new banking business models that will be sustainable and likely to dictate the future of finance. The book not only emphasizes the financial opportunities made possible by digital banking, such as financial inclusion and impact investing, but also looks at engineering theories and developments that encourage innovation. Its ability to illuminate present potential and future possibilities make it a unique contribution to the literature. A companion Volume Two of The Handbook of Digital Banking and Financial Inclusion: ChinaTech, Mobile Security, Distributed Ledger, and Blockchain emphasizes technological developments that introduce the future of finance. Descriptions of recent innovations lay the foundations for explorations of feasible solutions for banks and startups to grow. The combination of studies on blockchain technologies and applications, regional financial inclusion movements, advances in Chinese finance, and security issues delivers a grand perspective on both changing industries and lifestyles. Written for students and practitioners, it helps lead the way to future possibilities. - Explains the practical consequences of both technologies and economics to readers who want to learn about subjects related to their specialties - Encompasses alternative finance, financial inclusion, impact investing, decentralized consensus ledger and applied cryptography - Provides the only advanced methodical summary of these subjects available today