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Freedom in the World, the Freedom House flagship survey whose findings have been published annually since 1972, is the standard-setting comparative assessment of global political rights and civil liberties. The survey ratings and narrative reports on 194 countries and 14 territories are used by policymakers, the media, international corporations, civic activists, and human rights defenders to monitor trends in democracy and track improvements and setbacks in freedom worldwide. The Freedom in the World political rights and civil liberties ratings are determined through a multi-layered process of research and evaluation by a team of regional analysts and eminent scholars. The analysts used a broad range of sources of information, including foreign and domestic news reports, academic studies, nongovernmental organizations, think tanks, individual professional contacts, and visits to the region, in conducting their research. The methodology of the survey is derived in large measure from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and these standards are applied to all countries and territories, irrespective of geographical location, ethnic or religious composition, or level of economic development.
Given the decline in oil prices from mid-2014 on, the government’s drive to diversify the economy away from its traditional reliance on hydrocarbons in line with its Emerging Gabon Strategic Plan has taken on greater importance. Drawing on its sizeable timber and mineral reserves, Gabon aims to develop new industries and boost domestic value added with the ultimate goal of achieving emerging market status by 2025. In the meantime, however, weaker oil prices will likely cause complications for the next two to three years, as the authorities grapple with lower budgets and greater debt challenges.
In recent years, the country has sought to accelerate economic diversification, emphasising growth in its industrial, agricultural and service sectors. The second-biggest economy of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa, which the country is chairing in 2013, Gabon has a population of 1.6m, according to the most recent data available from the World Bank. The country benefits from a wide base of natural resources, including large mineral deposits and timber, as well as arable land – all of which have helped feed its export revenues and boost headline indicators. However, it is the oil and gas sector that has been the dominant sector, with the country’s onshore and offshore blocks making it the fifth-largest producer on the continent. Production has been maturing recently, prompting the search to shift to deep-offshore blocks, but also encouraging greater diversification through the government’s Gabon Emergent strategy, which looks to channel capital and activity into key sectors such as tourism and manufacturing.
Gabon is an upper middle-income country, with reasonable spending on health, however, its health outcomes resemble that of a country that is low / low-middle income. Where has Gabon gone wrong, and what are the challenges that Gabon is facing in improving health outcomes?
With just 1.63m people, Gabon is the second-smallest member of the six-country Central African Economic and Monetary Community in terms of population, after Equatorial Guinea. However, the country’s well-developed hydrocarbons sector has made Gabon the second-largest economy in the sub-region. The economy of Gabon has largely developed on the back of the country’s substantial oil and gas resources; however, declining production levels are leading the government to pursue a strategy of economic diversification. While efforts to encourage new investment and offshore oil exploration may yet yield results, the development of other industries, including forestry and mining, is being encouraged. Meanwhile, like many African countries, Gabon is working to ensure that a larger percentage of natural resource wealth is channelled into the national economy.
The Minerals Yearbook is an annual publication that reviews the mineral and material industries of the United States and foreign countries. The Yearbook contains statistical data on materials and minerals and includes information on economic and technical trends and development. The Minerals Yearbook includes chapters on approximately 90 commodities and over 175 countries. This volume of the Minerals Yearbook provides an annual review of mineral production and trade and of mineral-related government and industry developments in more than 175 foreign countries. Each report includes sections on government policies and programs, environmental issues, trade and production data, industry structure and ownership, commodity sector developments, infrastructure, and a summary outlook.
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.