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The threefold purpose of this research study was: (a) to measure and compare the leadership styles of elementary school administrators in adequate performance schools in North Carolina with those in exemplary schools in North Carolina; (b) to measure and compare the personality types of elementary school elementary school administrators in adequate performance schools in North Carolina with those in exemplary schools in North Carolina; (c) to explore possible relationships among the four leadership styles and adaptability scores identified by the Leadership Effectiveness and Adaptability Description Instrument, the 16 groups of personality types as identified by the Myers-Briggs Type, Form M, and specified administrator demographic variables of elementary school administrator in North Carolina. Data on the leadership styles and personality types were obtained from a research sample of 130 elementary school administrators within the Central and Southeast Regions of North Carolina. Administrators were randomly selected based on individual school performances on the North Carolina End-of-Grade Test. Participants in this study were asked to answer the 93 items on the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator, Form M (MBTI); respond to 12 situations compiled on the Leadership Effectiveness and Adaptability Descriptions Instrument (LEAD-Self); and complete a Biographical Data Sheet for Principals. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics provided a profile of the principals and their schools. Inferential statistical procedures were used to test the five research questions and three hypotheses. The administrators from the two school categories did not differ significantly on three of the four styles of leadership. A significant relationship was identified between the administrators from adequate performance and exemplary schools on Participating Leadership Style (S3). A statistical relationship between personality types and school categories was not identified; however, the introverted, sensing, thinking, and judging (INTJ) personality type was identified by more administrators. Two reliable and interpretable components were identified among the 12 variables examined through factor analysis.
Multiple Regression was used to examine the relationship between the principal's leadership styles (Independent Variable) and growth in the Performance Index (Dependent Variable). The 19 principals' dominant leadership style was transformational leadership. The regression model failed to be significant; therefore, based on the data, leadership as measured by the MLQ-5X is not a good predictor for growth. The relationship on school leadership and growth was not significantly substantial. Although there was no predictive relationship, the data verify that the 19 schools that have shown growth had transformational leaders. Future research suggests a larger sample size to determine if leadership styles have a relationship to student growth.
This study utilized the descriptive and quantitative approaches to examine elementary school principals' leadership style and school climate in an urban school district. Research supports the relationship of leadership styles, school climate and student achievement does exist and this study identified and explored how it exists between the school principals' leadership style and school climate. Participants consisted of elementary principals and teachers in an urban school district within the southeastern region of the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of a relationship between elementary school principals' leadership styles and school climate in an urban school district. Survey instruments were the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) Form XII Self and the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire for elementary schools (OCDQ-RE). Demographic information was gathered from the principals and teachers that were subjects of this research (Table 3 and Appendix C). The following research question was posed: Does a relationship exist between the elementary school principals' leadership style and school climate in an urban school district? Descriptive statistics summarized the data characteristics of the independent variable (principal leadership style) and dependent variable (school climate). The data was analyzed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. A Positive linear relationship in climate was found for three different groups. These three groups had a statistically significant correlations coefficient and p-values between the LBDQ-Form XII Self and OCDQ-RE subscales. The school principals must be able to access and evaluate the impact they may have on the climate of the school. This study proposed strategies school principals from the participating school district can use to create a more open school climate.
The International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM) held on October 17, 2017 in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The aim of ICREAM is to provide a platform for educators, administrators, managers, leaders, policy makers, researchers, scholars, principals, supervisors, graduate students, practitioners, academicians, professionals and teachers from different discipline backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in the fields of educational administration. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration.