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The following chapters present most of the lectures delivered at the NATO Advanced Studies Institute on "The Physics of Super ionic Conductors and Electrode Materials", held at Odense Univer sity's Mathematics Department between the 4th and 22nd of August, 1980. The aim of the organizing committee was to present in a rather detailed fashion the most recent advances in the computa tional mathematics and physics of condensed matter physics and to see how these advances could be applied to the study of ionically conducting solids. The first half of the meeting was mainly taken up with lectures. In the second week, working groups on the various aspects were set up, the students joining these groups being helped in the implementation of the lecture material. The leaders of these groups deserve special mention for the tremendous effort they put into this aspect of the meeting, particularly: Dr. Aneesur Rahman (Molecular Dynamics group) Dr. Fred Horne (Ion Transport group) Drs. Nick Quirke and David Adams (Monte Carlo methods) Dr. Heinz Schulz (Diffraction group) Dr. John Harding (Defect Calculations group) The Molecular Dynamics group achieved a certain amount of notoriety within the University by appearing to live in the terminal room.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and materials used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries, supercapacitors and conversion materials for solar and fuel cells. Chapters introduce the technologies behind each material, in addition to the fundamental principles of the devices, and their wider impact and contribution to the field. This book will be an ideal reference for researchers and individuals working in industries based on energy storage and conversion technologies across physics, chemistry and engineering. FEATURES Edited by established authorities, with chapter contributions from subject-area specialists Provides a comprehensive review of the field Up to date with the latest developments and research Editors Dr. Mesfin A. Kebede obtained his PhD in Metallurgical Engineering from Inha University, South Korea. He is now a principal research scientist at Energy Centre of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa. He was previously an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science at Hawassa University, Ethiopia. His extensive research experience covers the use of electrode materials for energy storage and energy conversion. Prof. Fabian I. Ezema is a professor at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He obtained his PhD in Physics and Astronomy from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research focuses on several areas of materials science with an emphasis on energy applications, specifically electrode materials for energy conversion and storage.
The monograph is concerned with the results of examination of the properties of superionic conductors and their heterostructures with different electrode materials. Special attention is given to the problems of changes in the characteristics of impedance in a wide frequency range. The author presents theoretical and experimental data on the properties of ionic, ionic-electronic conductors, reversible and polarised interfaces. The directions and specific examples of practical application of superionic conductors and heterostructures based on them are also discussed.
The book is written to provide students with a distinct source of material. Their requirements are given top priority and the material is fashioned in a student-friendly style. This book explains basic principles of quantum physics and band theory of solids. It also presents fundamental concepts related to the dielectric, magnetic and energy materials in a concise and very simple way to easily grasp the concept. Each chapter is divided into smaller parts and sub-headings are provided to make the reading a pleasant journey from one interesting topic to another important topic. It offers ample coverage of Physics and Solids, Semiconductors and Devices, Dielectric, Magnetic and Energy Materials, Nanotechnology, and Laser and Fibre Optics.
The main motivation for the organization of the Advanced Research Workshop in Belgirate was the promotion of discussions on the most recent issues and the future perspectives in the field of Solid State lonics. The location was chosen on purpose since Belgirate was the place were twenty years ago, also then under the sponsorship of NATO, the very first international meeting on this important and interdisciplinary field took place. That meeting was named "Fast Ion Transport in Solids" and gathered virtually everybody at that time having been active in any aspect of motion of ions in solids. The original Belgirate Meeting made for the first time visible the technological potential related to the phenomenon of the fast ionic transport in solids and, accordingly, the field was given the name "Solid State lonics". This field is now expanded to cover a wide range of technologies which includes chemical sensors for environmental and process control, electrochromic windows, mirrors and displays, fuel cells, high performance rechargeable batteries for stationary applications and electrotraction, chemotronics, semiconductor ionics, water electrolysis cells for hydrogen economy and other applications. The main idea for holding an anniversary meeting was that of discussing the most recent issues and the future perspectives of Solid State lonics just twenty years after it has started at the same location on the lake Maggiore in North Italy.
Even at the beginning of the new millenium the rare earths still remain, to a certain extent, a mystery. The chapters in this volume will help to unravel some of these. In the filling of the 4f electronic orbitals the lanthanides defy the elementary aufbau principle that underlies the periodic sequence of the elements, and the authors of the first chapter introduce the readers to the basic physics of the orbital collapse leading to that failure. Furthermore an explanation is offered in terms of double-well potentials. The phenomenon is illustrated using the valence transitions observed in some of the rare earth atoms, including Sm group metals and the higher oxides of cerium, praseodymium and terbium. In the second chapter the synthesis and structure of the many types of rare earth halides are described. They have been described as simple, complex, binary, ternary and multinuclear complex, and other categories needed to deal with the most studied of the rare earth compounds. The structure types are skillfully illustrated to show the elementary architecture of each type. In chapter three the authors discuss the science and applications of rare earth super ionic conductors as solid electrolytes. Conduction by oxygen and fluorine anions as well as hydrogen and other cations associated with these electrolytes is emphasized. They deal with extrinsic and intrinsic types together with their associated structures and structural types including structural defects. The chapter concludes with an outline of the many applications of solid electrolytes. Chapter four introduces the reader to the principles that underlie thermoluminescence and its application to dosimetry and provides detailed information on the R-activated phosphors that support dosimetry. This is a selective review of detailed literature based on the areas making most progress. The final chapter elaborates on the data gained by the studies and interpretation around the analytical separation of the individual rare earth elements utilizing chromatographic techniques. The authors describe the fundamental chemistry that underpins contemporary analytical separation techniques for lanthanide separation and analysis. This is done after a description of the rich assortment of separation methods in use has been introduced.
Contents:Recent Trends in Solid State Ionics (T Takahashi)Theoretical Aspects of Fast Ion Conduction in Solids (D Brinkman)Chemical Bonding and Interaction Processes in Framework Structures (P Hagenmuller)Characterization of New Ambient Temperature Lithium Polymer-Electrolyte (G C Farrington)Relaxation of Conductivity to Structure and Structural Relaxation in Ion-Conducting Glasses (C A Angell & H Senapati)Electrochemical Studies on High Tc Superconductors (L-Q Chen & X-J Huang)Light Scattering Studies on Superionic Conductor YSZ (M Ishigame et al.)and others Readership: Solid state physicists, materials scientists and condensed matter physicists.
This extensive survey covers defects in nonmetals, emphasizing point defects and point-defect processes. It encompasses electronic, vibrational, and optical properties of defective solids, plus dislocations and grain boundaries. 1985 edition.